Crude oil

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  • Created by: miaowgirl
  • Created on: 10-05-17 10:19
Hydrocarbon
A substance containing only hydrogen and carbor
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Saturated
All the bonds in the molecule are single covalent
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General formula for alkanes
C(n)H(2n+2)
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Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons
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List the alkanes from CH4 to C6H14
Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane
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Homologous series
A family of organic compounds which show a trend in physical properties, have similar chemical properties, differ by a CH2 unit
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Isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
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Why do large hydrocarbons have higher boiling points?
Stronger intermolecular forces of attraction, more energy is needed to overcome these forces
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Word equation for complete combustion of hydrocarbons
Any hydrocarbon + oxygen --> water + carbon dioxide
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Word equation for incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
Any hydrocarbon + oxygen --> water + carbon monoxide
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Combustion
Reacting with oxygen in an exothermic reaction
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Issues of Incomplete combustion
Poisonous gas produced, less energy released, soot (carbon) is produced
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Volatile
Evaporates easily
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Viscous
Thick liquid
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Why are short chained hydrocarbons more useful?
More volatile and make better fuels as they burn easier (low boiling points)
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Cracking
Separating long chain hydrocarbons into shorter chain hydrocarbons
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Conditions for cracking
High temperature (600-700C), a catalyst (eg aluminium oxide)
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Word equation for alkenes
C(n)H(2n)
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Addition reactions of alkenes
two or more reactants join to form a single product
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Bromine goes colourless when
It reacts with alkenes
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Making holoalkanes
A hydrogen being replaced by another element - substitution reaction
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

All the bonds in the molecule are single covalent

Back

Saturated

Card 3

Front

C(n)H(2n+2)

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Saturated hydrocarbons

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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