Cromwell's Protectorate

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Why would a traditional parliament not support Cromwell's aims as Protector?
Because he wanted to seek a settlement through parliament, but also wanted a Godly reformation- this made him reliant on the army
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Why was there tension over religion in the first protectorate parliament?
Disagreement on the extent of religious toleration e.g. Biddle and Nayler Crisis- unsure on how to punish and whether to punish- but OC let parliament decide
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Why did parliament attack the Instrument over the issues of religion?
They said that they were the ones that should decide the extent of religious toleration- however their conservatism annoyed many e.g. OC
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What caused Cromwell to dissolve the first protectorate parliament?
Issues involving the Biddle case and Nayler crisis- they were only in session for 5 lunar months
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When was the Humble Petition and what was it?
1657- the offering of the crown to Cromwell
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What advantages would accepting the crown bring to Cromwell?
Better recognised form of government, means he could negotiate a settlement with parliament, made a line of succession
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What disadvantages would accepting the crown bring to Cromwell?
Increase opposition from republicans, royalists, the army and military cromwellians
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What did Hutton say?
It's important to consider the role of the army in persuading Cromwell to decline the offer of the crown
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What did republicans see as the ideal settlement?
Rump parliament
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Why did the republicans oppose the protectorate?
Because they saw Cromwell as 'king in all but name', he had too much power such as the power to enact Ordinances without parliament being in session
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How did the second protectorate parliament improve the co-operation between Cromwell and parliament?
Used the power of exclusion to exclude 60 MPs that weren't men of integrity- this helped the relationship for a short amount of time
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What stopped the co-operation between Cromwell and the Second Protectorate parliament?
Humble Petition 1657
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In what ways did the Republicans shows their opposition to the Humble Petition and Kingship?
Created a petition which circulated through the army and London- but avoided the fifth monarchists and the royalists
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What was the Sealed Knot?
Founded in 1653- between Charles Stuart and the Scots- promise to not spread the plan of their invasion on England- however Charles broke this when he told the Earl of Rochester
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What was Penruddock's rising and when was it?
1655, Uprising in Devon led by a local man called John Penruddock- didn't reach more than a couple hundred men- stopped by a small parliamentary cavalry & Penruddock was executed
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What was Miles Sindercombe's assassination plot and when was it?
1657, work of an ex-leveller and ex-NMA member (Edward Sexby)- planned to assassinate Cromwell and hired Sindercombe to do it- Thurloe (OC's lawyer) found out about the plan and told Cromwell
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Who were the 3 colonels in the Three Colonel's Petition?
Alured, Saunders and Okey
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What was the Three Colonel's Petition?
A petition which denounced the protectorate and called for a return to the 'Good Old Cause'- included members of the army who disagreed with how much power the instrument gave OC- an alliance between the fifth monarchists & republicans was attempted
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Why did the army oppose the Humble Petition?
They didn't like how much power was to be given to OC, Lambert opposed it because it would overwrite part of the Instrument & many believed that Lambert led the army's opposition
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How did Cromwell handle the army's opposition?
He confronted those in his regiment whose republicanism meant that they opposed the protectorate- ended up dismissing his deputy and 5 other members
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why was there tension over religion in the first protectorate parliament?

Back

Disagreement on the extent of religious toleration e.g. Biddle and Nayler Crisis- unsure on how to punish and whether to punish- but OC let parliament decide

Card 3

Front

Why did parliament attack the Instrument over the issues of religion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What caused Cromwell to dissolve the first protectorate parliament?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When was the Humble Petition and what was it?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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