archosaur with no antorbital fenestra and thecodont teeth
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what is the 4th trochanter?
caudofemoralis attachment site on femur shaft, pulls thighbone to the rear
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Features of crurotarsal ankles
astragalus sutured to tibia, calcaneum functionally part of foot, tarsus contains a cluster of bones, all these features transmit the weight of body onto feet
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crocodile vs lizard hips
crocodiles- more complex structures at acetabulum, 7 ligaments/tissues
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crocodile pelvic inspiration
intercostal muscles contract moving ribs towards head, diaphragmatic muscle pulls liver towards the rear increasing the thoracic cavity
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crocodile pelvic expiration
rectus and transverse abdominis rotate pubic bone dorsally, pulls viscera towards the head, as muscles relax air is forced out
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what are crocodile gastralia?
dermal bones, support the chest cavity and abdomen walls
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what are the areas of crocodile dermal skeleton?
cranium, gastralia and osteoderms/scutes
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what are crocodile scales/scutes made of?
keratin, can be reinforced by osteoderms
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features of crocodile skin and pores
contain chromatophores, melanocytes- stripes, patches and spots. Melanopores- dark or grey. Xanthopores/iridiopores- yellow or orange
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whats the integumentary system?
sensory system found in crocodiles, made of skin elevations on the jaws and body.
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whats the role of the integumentary system?
detect movement of prey and water
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how many families of crocodilians are there?
3, Gavialidae, Alligatoridae, Crocodyliae
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Features of Gavialidae
Gharials, large body, narrow snout which broadens at the base, males have a bulbous appendage at the end of nose
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Features of Alligatoridae
Alligators and Caimans, U- shaped snout, only upper teeth visible, short and wide head
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Features of Crocodyliae
Crocodiles, V-shaped snout, All teeth visible, 4th tooth prominent
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Slender Vs Robust snouts
slender= Longirostrine- low drag, reach for small prey. robust= Brevirostrine, high drag, high strength
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Crocodile eye features iris and retina
iris- vertical slit which widens at day or night, retina- reflective tapetum lucidium helps with night vision
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Palatal flap features
protects pharynx from water, can breath with mouth open underwater as nostril entry to lungs is at the back of the palatal flap
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crocodile digestion features
dilated stomach digests food, heart shunts CO2 rich blood to stomach, produces HCI 10 fold, bone digests in 18 days
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whats the preferred body temperature during/after feeding?
30 degrees, like to bask
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type of air flow in crocodile lungs
unidirectional
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how does the air flow in the lungs of crocodile?
Inhale- air into ventrocaudal chambers and parabronchi. Exhale- air from previous inhale goes through the bronchi and parabronchi. New air enters the ventrocaudal chambers and the cycle starts again
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