Criminology 1

criminology exam questions

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social statisticians
statistical research and the observation of the underlying regularities of social behaviour
1 of 30
Left realism
Relative deprivation and the reality of crime for the poor, working class people, women and ethnic minorities, especially in inner city areas
2 of 30
Control theories
Individual’s bond to society is weak or broken; later emphasis on a lack of self-control
3 of 30
‘Left idealism’ or criminology from below
Investigation/exposure of processes of criminalization and the power of the authoritarian state
4 of 30
Right realism
‘Broken windows’: crime, community failure and family breakdown; crime, welfare dependency and the underclass
5 of 30
Feminism
Critique of ‘malestream’ criminology; research on women as offenders (‘doubly deviant’) and victims/survivors (of male violence)
6 of 30
Masculinities and crime
Crime as a way of ‘doing’ hegemonic masculinity
7 of 30
Discourse theory
An anti-criminology: criminology and the extension of surveillance and power
8 of 30
Late modernity
Economic, social, cultural and political change: exclusion, consumption and the rise of the identity-creating individual
9 of 30
Postmodernism: constitutive and cultural criminology
Postmodernism: a new, more uncertain and provisional way of understanding the world Constitutive criminology: the active construction of the social world through language and symbolic representation Cultural criminology: image, style, meaning and the thri
10 of 30
Globalization and comparative criminology
Increasing interconnectedness of crime (and responses to it) across societies; global events/processes have local effects (glocalization)
11 of 30
Risk society: actuarial justice; contradictory criminologies of the self and the other
Risk society: manufactured risks in the global society of fate; the genealogy of risk and the management of dangerousness Contradictory criminologies: criminals as rational consumers and/or threatening strangers
12 of 30
Moral panic
Youth cultures, folk devils and the media
13 of 30
Conflict theory
Class conflict, the ‘master institutions’ and ‘man fighting back’
14 of 30
The New Criminology
A social theory of deviance: the origins of the deviant act and social reaction to it; critical criminology
15 of 30
Birmingham School: new subcultural theory
Moral panic and the creation of folk devils in response to ‘hegemonic crisis’: an example of a fully social theory of deviance?
16 of 30
What is the traditional explanation
law-breaking as a manifestation of original sin and common sinfulness
17 of 30
Subculture and opportunity
Differential access to legitimate and illegitimate youth cultures and opportunity structures
18 of 30
Routine activities
Impact of changes in social structure on the convergence in time and space between likely offenders and suitable targets in the absence of capable guardians and thus on rates of direct contact predatory crime
19 of 30
Early African American sociology
Social disorganization, anomie and racialized justice
20 of 30
Subcultural theory
Status frustration: delinquent subcultures and the inversion of middle class values; the delinquent steals ‘for the hell of it’
21 of 30
Labelling
The process of criminalization: social reaction to deviance and the adoption of a deviant identity; primary and secondary deviance
22 of 30
Chicago School
Social disorganization, differential crime proneness and the ecological zones of the early C20 city
23 of 30
Social strain and anomie
Adaptation – ‘innovation’, ‘retreatism’ etc. - to social stain and anomie; imbalance between culturally approved goals and socially available means of achieving them
24 of 30
Techniques of neutralization
Learned techniques for neutralizing attachment to the dominant moral order
25 of 30
Differential association
Behaviour learned in interaction with intimate others through exposure to an excess of definitions favourable to violation of law
26 of 30
classicism
crime as freely willed behaviour; justice through deterrence and proportionality in punishment
27 of 30
Marxism
Class conflict, economic conditions and the egoism of crime in capitalist society
28 of 30
Fuctionalism
crime is normal and performs essential social functions
29 of 30
Postivism
crime as determined behaviour: the scientific study and treatment of the
30 of 30

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Left realism

Back

Relative deprivation and the reality of crime for the poor, working class people, women and ethnic minorities, especially in inner city areas

Card 3

Front

Control theories

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

‘Left idealism’ or criminology from below

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Right realism

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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