Criminal Psychology - Raine et al (1997)

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  • Created by: Rosa335
  • Created on: 17-06-17 07:47
What type of behaviour has the pre-frontal area in the brain been associated with?
Impulsivity
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What type of behaviour is damage to the hippocampus or amygdala associated with?
Aggressive behaviour
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What area of the brain is associated with predisposition to violence?
Corpus Callosum
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Name Raine's hypothesis
Seriously violent individuals have localised brain damage in the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, the thalamus or the hippocampus.
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Outline Raine's sample
41 murderers (39 male 2 female). All charged with murder/manslaughter in california/USA. All pleaded Not Guilty By Reason of Insanity
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Name 2 results that eliminated extraneous variables in this study
14 murderers were non-white but when they were compared to white murderers there was no significant difference. Tests were undertaken to make sure left/right handedness had no effect
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Outline 2 materials used by Raine in this study
PET machine to image brain functioning. A degraded stimulus version of a continuous performance task (CPT). Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) tracer injected to trace brain metabolism
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Outline the CPT task
Required the ppts to detect target signals for 32 min. as task which had been shown to make the frontal lobes work especially hard, together with the right temporal and parietal lobes (so different areas visible)
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Name 3 controls which were used before the initial procedure.
All were in custody, medication free for 2 weeks before study (control didn't take medication). 10 min before receiving FDG injection, ppts were given practice trials on the CPT. 30s before injection they started the CPT ( brain activated)
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Outline the Procedure used in Raine's study
32 min.after FDG injection, ppt went into PET scanner. 10 slices at 10 mm intervals parallel to the cantheomeatal line were recorded providing detail in relation to differences in brain metabolism in both 6 main cortical areas and 8 sub-cortical area
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How did previous head injuries of 23 murderers influence the final results?
Showed no significant differences between non-injured murderers except in the function of their Corpus Callosum (p
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Which areas did the murderers have lower activity and increased activity in?
Lower activity in: Prefrontal cortex, left angular gyrus, corpus callosum, left side amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus. Increased activity in right side of these. Lower activity in cortical regions than sub-coritcal
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Outline some of the conclusions made by Raine
Reduced activity in certain areas of the brain may be one of the many predispositions towards violence in this particular group of offenders. Results do not suggest criminal behaviour was caused by Biology alone.
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Outline the results of this study
Reduced activity (glucose metabolism) in some areas linked to violence. Abnormal asymmetries (reduced activity left than right hemispheres), No differences in some areas, e.g. associated with mental illness but not violence.
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Card 2

Front

What type of behaviour is damage to the hippocampus or amygdala associated with?

Back

Aggressive behaviour

Card 3

Front

What area of the brain is associated with predisposition to violence?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name Raine's hypothesis

Back

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Card 5

Front

Outline Raine's sample

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