Criminal Psychology

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In regards to what makes a criminal, what are the non- physiological charateristics of criminal behaviour?
Social risk factors: Low birth weight, Young mothers, Availability of drugs, Disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Cognitive thinking patterns: Mollification which is externalising blame and make excuses for actions. Entitlement: believing one is entitled
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what are the physiological explanation of criminal behaviour?
Lombrosso stated: developed theory of born a criminal, develop five or more biological traits. Sheldon: a persons criminal behaviour is linked to their physical form. Brunner: found a mutation in a family gene called MAOA= impulsive aggression
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What is the aim of Raine et al?
study the brain activity in murderers and non-murderers using PET scans to find out whether there are differences in areas thought to be involved in violent behaviour
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what is the procedure of Raine et al?
Particpants were injected witha tracer substance, to show the location of brain metabolism while conducted a continuous performance task. PET scans was given to show the brain activity.
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Explain a conclusion from Raine et al?
Murderers pleading NGRI have significant difference in the metabolism of glucose in a number of brain areas compared to non-murderers. Reduced brain activity in prefrontal areas=impulsive behaviour, a loss of self-control, immaturity.
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explain one biological strategy for preventing criminal behaviour?
Health and nutrition programmes have been shown to reduce anti-social behaviour in children. Programme consisted of milk, fruit and a hot meal, physical exercise, cognitive stimulation. Children could focus more and less likley to bully others.Omega3
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in regards to effects of imprisonment, how is punishment and reform used?
Deterence: longer sentences to deter prisoners from re-offending. Incapacitation: prevents the from commiting further crimes. Reform: experience of being a prisoner changes the individual. Retribution: punishmnet is designed to fit the crime.
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What is the aim of Haney et al?
investigate teh psychological effects of being assigned to the role of either a prison guard or prisoner and being put ina similuated prison environment.
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What is the procedure of Haney et al?
each prisoner was stripped and sprayed with a delousing spray, given a uniform and a mug shot taken. they were reffered to only by there number at an attempt to depersonalise them. Both prisoners and guards had there own unifroms to increase group id
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Explain a conculsion of Haney et al?
study demonstrated the powerful effects roles can have on peoples behaviour. Participants were playing a role they thought was expected of them.
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Explain a strategy for reducing re offending
The theory of planned behaviour suggested that if people evaluated the suggested behaviour as positive attiude they think that the people they care about will want them to perform the behaviour subjective norm, more motivated behaviour. Clink charity
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in regards to collection of evidence, how is the cognitive interview used?
Mental reinstatement of context: recalling in same or similar environment. Report everything: reports in their own words. Recall in different orders: recall the story from at a different time (end). Recall from a variety of different perspectives
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what is the aim of Memon & higham?
Review how effective components of CI are, comparison with other interview methods, how to measure memory performance, how trianing quality influences interviewer performance.
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What is the procedure of Memon & highmam?
Comparison interviews: leads to enhanced memory performance in comparison with other police interviews. Measures of memory: fairly simplistic measures of memory performance, doesnt effectively measure memory. Quality of training: officers
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Explain one conclusion from Memon & Highmam?
research into CI technique needs to establish a suitable control group depending on the aim of the study. and trainign of officers needs to take into account interviewer variability in terms of attitude, prior interview experience, performance
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In regards to collection of evidence from suspects, what are the Reid nine steps of interrogation?
1. Confrontation 2. Theme development 3. Stopping denials 4. Overcoming objections 5. Getting the suspects attention 6. The suspect loses resolve 7. Alternatives 8. Bringing the suspect into the conversation 9. The confession
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Explain one strategy for police interviews
Peace model. Preparation and planning. Enagage and explain. Account, clarification and challenge. Closure. Evaluation.
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what are the physiological explanation of criminal behaviour?

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Lombrosso stated: developed theory of born a criminal, develop five or more biological traits. Sheldon: a persons criminal behaviour is linked to their physical form. Brunner: found a mutation in a family gene called MAOA= impulsive aggression

Card 3

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What is the aim of Raine et al?

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Card 4

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what is the procedure of Raine et al?

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Card 5

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Explain a conclusion from Raine et al?

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