Crimean War- Reforms

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How many royal commissions on army conduct were there from 1856-1868?
17
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Why were no reforms taken immediately after the war despite investigations and royal commissions?
The army continued to be successful, and there was a lack of public support as reforms were considered expensive
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What event in 1866 caused military reforms to be undertaken?
The 7 week's Austro-Prussian War
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What was the role of Nightingale in reform from 1859?
Inspired medical reviews and barracks reform
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What was set up to improve officer training?
Staff college in Canterbury
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What gun was developed which had 5x the fire rate of standard artillery?
Armstrong gun
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Why was the Armstrong gun so much faster than standard artillery?
Breach loading
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Why did the high command reject the Armstrong gun?
Faith in smooth bore guns, too expensive
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What continued in the army until 1880?
Flogging
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What significant committees and reforms were there after the Crimean War in chronological order?
Roebuck Committee, McNeill-Tulloch Report, Peel Commission, Cardwell Reforms
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When was the Roebuck Committee set up?
1855
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Why was the Roebuck Committee set up?
Demands to investigate supply failure in a private motion by John Roebuck
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What were the findings of the Roebuck Committee?
Poor provisions, transport, and hospital care. Summarised that the army wasn't prepared for foreign campaigns
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Why was the Roebuck Report dismissed?
Conditions in Crimea had already significantly improved
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When was the McNeill-Tulloch report?
1856
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What were the findings of the McNeill-Tulloch report?
Raglan's staff and commissary general Filder were criticised
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What reduced the impact of the report?
An enquiry after the report absolved all leaders from blame
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What did the report lead to?
Reforms in the commissariat in 1858
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When was the Peel Commission?
1858
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What were the findings of the Peel Commission?
Purchase system created inexperienced officership and incompetency, leading to deaths
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What did the Peel Commission find out about the supply issue?
2/3 of essential provisions which were sent to Crimea were lost or stolen. Russians were even using British gunpowder
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Why did the Peel Commission lead to reform?
Threat of the Prussian Army after the Austro-Prussian War
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When was the Austro-Prussian War?
1866
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What reforms did the Peel Commission lead to?
The Cardwell Reforms
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Who was Edward Cardwell?
Secretary of State for War
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How did Cardwell improve centralisation of command?
Reorganised the War Office, centralised control under himself, made the army answerable to parliament, abolished privately owned units
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How did Cardwell improve administration?
Simplified the system, improved communication
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What method of recruitment did Cardwell ban?
Recruiting sergeants
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How did Cardwell encourage more men to volunteer?
Reduced service times, reduced flogging, increased pay
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What were service times reduced to?
Reduced from 21 years to 7 years with 5 years in reserve
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What were the theoretical impacts of reduced service times?
Smaller pension lists and more volunteers
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What were the real impacts of reduced service times?
Small army as more men left, more pensions collected so army cost more
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How did Cardwell spread out roles between different people?
Divided the country into regimental districts
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What did each regimental district have?
2 battalions, 2 militia groups, a depot, training facilities, administration of troops and supply
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What was the theory for sending battalions overseas?
One battalion from each regimental district to stay at home for defence, one to go on campaign
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Why did the theory of sending only one battalion from each regimental district overseas fail?
High death rates on overseas campaigns, limited recruitment
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What was overseas service reduced to?
Reduced from 12 years to 6
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What was the impact of reducing overseas service?
Reduced elopement
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What did Cardwell do to improve the competency of officership?
Abolished the purchased system
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Why did the abolition of purchases do little in terms of officers?
Only the rich could afford the lifestyle of an officer
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How did Cardwell save money?
Withdrew forces from colonies, rejected the Armstrong gun
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why were no reforms taken immediately after the war despite investigations and royal commissions?

Back

The army continued to be successful, and there was a lack of public support as reforms were considered expensive

Card 3

Front

What event in 1866 caused military reforms to be undertaken?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the role of Nightingale in reform from 1859?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was set up to improve officer training?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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