Crime and Punishment Industrial Britain

?
What were the two recordings of crime In industrial Britain?
The bloody code and government.
1 of 45
How did the bloody code record and change crime?
Minor crimes became punishable by death and so this resulted in a greater number of recorded punishments and executions
2 of 45
How did the government record and change crime?
Government began to centralise. With a centralised government the laws and decisions made in London would be used everywhere. This made many legal matters fairer. They had to keep tabs all over the country so this meant an increase in recorded crime
3 of 45
What three things affected the change in society?
population, migration and protest.
4 of 45
How did population affect the change in society?
Efficiency in farming meant enough food to support growing population. Increase meant more theft and stealing.
5 of 45
How did migration affect the change in society?
Greater need for factory workers than farmers, people moved from villages to towns-overcrowded-more crime and theft like rome
6 of 45
How did protest affect the change in society?
Luddites protesters-technology taking over human job-would smash machinery-obvious increase of crime, protest to vote-more crime, government worried about revolution like france
7 of 45
What was Peterloo?
Mass protest that took place at St Peter’s Field in Manchester. Named after the battle of Waterloo
8 of 45
What were the three things people were protesting about that resulted in Peterloo?
Soldiers became jobless, Food prices began to increase because of the ‘Corn Laws’, ack of democracy in Britain; very few people had the right to vote.
9 of 45
Who was the protest of Peterloo lead by?
Henry Hunt
10 of 45
Why did the government order the local militia not to attack the protesters?
They were worried that it would cause a revolution in Britain. They worried about this because the French revolution had just happened!
11 of 45
What was the Rebecca Riots?
A large group of protesters who dressed as women to not be recognised. Named after a verse in the bible.
12 of 45
What caused the outbreak of Peterloo?
When Henry Hunt got on stage, the crowd clapped, shouted etc. the magistrates order the militia to disperse, protesters reacted causing violence. 11 died 400 injured.
13 of 45
What were the Rebecca Riots protesting for?
The vote and situations happening in Wale were dealt with by English Land Lords
14 of 45
What did they do in protest?
damage tollgates and burn stretches of the toll roads and doing this while dressed as women.
15 of 45
What was the impact did the Rebecca Riots have on Law and Order?
They succeeded in reducing farm tolls and more Welsh magistrates were appointed
16 of 45
What impact did the Rebecca Riots, Peterloo and Luddites have on law and order?
Newpaper Tax-more expensive-protesters cant spread message, Weapon search-magistrates search homes for items that can disrupt peace, Ban Meetings with more than 50 people, ban of military training, faster trials, magistrates seizing publications
17 of 45
What is Transportation?
Convicted criminals sent to another county to become slaves
18 of 45
Why Transportation?
Bloody code was too harsh, prisons were used to hold people until execution-weren't enough prisons
19 of 45
Why Australia?
There was the American Independence, Captain Cook discovered Australia, so it became a new colony, they needed to populate Australia so they sent convict there as punishment
20 of 45
What happened to Transported Convicts?
They'd be shipped off on navy vessels known as hulks, like a floating prison, had to wait 3 months to fill, took 9 months to get there, adding a year to their sentence, they'd then work for a colonist as a servant or a worker
21 of 45
What would happen during your sentence in Australia?
Work as a servant for a colonist or work on their land for free they'd return by giving shelter and food to the convict, after the sentence was up they're free, but to return they had to pay for transportation, many couldn't and had to stay
22 of 45
Why did Transportation end?
more of a holiday than punishment, parliament felt it wasn't effective in decreasing crime, convicts started calling themselves Australian-protested to stop transportation, violent treatment while there, cheaper to keep them in prisons
23 of 45
Who were the three main reformers in making prisons better?
Elizabeth Fry, Samuel Romiley and John Howard
24 of 45
What did Elizabeth Fry do to make prisons better?
wanted to help women prisons, tried to educate women, gave them new skills-sewing, knitting garments and would sell them to public, when not in prisons, she spoke out about them, she earned fame got a political voice, her ideas put in 1825 gaols act
25 of 45
What was the main change Elizabeth Fry gained?
She got men and women separated in prisons and female jailers looked after the female convicts.
26 of 45
What did John Howard do to make prisons better?
He was a High Sheriff of Bedfordshire Howard, and responsible for publishing a paper outlining the problems in the British prison system. he suggested better hygiene, separate cells and rehabilitation they were take on board 30 years after he died
27 of 45
What did Samuel Romiley do to make prisons better?
He was a critic of the bloody code, he felt it was too harsh and campaigned to have prisons put in place as well as have the death penalty taken from minor crimes-succeeded with begging and theft
28 of 45
What were the four things improved (reforms)?
The first reform act of the 1820s, the separate system, the silent system, prison for children.
29 of 45
What was the old system like?
In the time of Elizabeth fry they were damp, dirty and everyone was together. Jailers were unpaid and you had to rely on family to pay to get out of jail and for everyday jobs jailers did.
30 of 45
How did The First Reform Act improve prison life?
Robert Peel passed the Act, They separated groups-men women children, prisoners well fed and in healthy conditions, inspected, governors put in charge, jailers paid
31 of 45
How did the First Reform Act not help?
It was only applied to large prisons and in many cases it was ignored
32 of 45
What was The Separate System?
basically in solitary confinement, in cell alone, ate alone, when out had to were a cap so they couldn't see or speak to other inmates, in church has separate booths, many committed suicide mental illnesses
33 of 45
What was the silent system?
People believed that prisons were too soft of a punishment, so they were given basic food, basic sleeping and exercise and by the name-it all had to be done in silence.
34 of 45
A change (reform) was children prisons, what happened?
Children were given a prison all to themselves. They were separated from older convict, it was described as a high security boarding school, they had to learn new skills but live conditions similar to prison
35 of 45
What and who were the bow street runners?
The first structure of police force-a group of constables who operated out of Bow Street Magistrates Court in London under Sir John Fielding. They were like hired security guards with no training
36 of 45
Who was Sir John Fielding and how did he motivate people?
Operator of the Bow Street Runners. Made a point of having his men trained, uniformed and well paid to motivate them to do their job properly.
37 of 45
What was the Metropolitan Police?
The first official police force based in London.
38 of 45
What five things made the government create the Metropolitan Police?
Increasing fear of crime from the middle and upper classes. The old system of watchmen and constables was not sufficient to prevent crime in Industrial London. Afraid of revolution-force to prevent, population increased-more crime, central goverment
39 of 45
What was the Metropolitan Police Act?
An Act of Parliament introduced by Sir Robert Peel. The Act established the Metropolitan Police of London replacing the previously disorganised system of parish constables and watchmen.
40 of 45
Why did the general public not like the police force (6 things)?
It was a massive change. Thought they were snitched or informers. People felt they were losing their civil liberties and being controlled by the government. Saw them as drunks. Seen as Expensive.
41 of 45
What was the problem with the police force?
Drunkenness. 80% of all dismissals were due to drunkenness and this of course did little to help the police with their public image.
42 of 45
Why did attitudes change towards the police force?
Trained to be polite, not react to comments and dismissed for wrong doings. Crime Rates fell. They didn't affect their civil liberties. They kept order at the Great Exhibition-seen to be doing a good job.
43 of 45
What was the old forms of policing?
Justice of Peaces and Constables.
44 of 45
What later came from the Metropolitan Act?
Specialists, The River Thames Police and The Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
45 of 45

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How did the bloody code record and change crime?

Back

Minor crimes became punishable by death and so this resulted in a greater number of recorded punishments and executions

Card 3

Front

How did the government record and change crime?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What three things affected the change in society?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How did population affect the change in society?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar History resources:

See all History resources »See all Crime and punishment through time (OCR History A) resources »