Crime and Deviance Sociologists

?
  • Created by: horsn002
  • Created on: 18-04-19 16:13
Durkheim (Functionalism, Subcultural, Strain)
Positive functions of crime – boundary maintenance, adaption and change. Crime is inevitable and universal.
1 of 33
Merton (F,S,S)
Strain theory – deviance is the result of a strain between the goals a culture encourages individuals to achieve and what the structure of society allows them to achieve. E.g. Issues with the American Dream. Deviant adaptions – conformity, innovation
2 of 33
Cloward and Ohlin (F,S,S)
Different subcultures – different neighbourhoods provide different illegitimate opportunities for young people to learn criminal skills. Three types of subcultures – criminal subcultures, conflict subcultures, retreatist subculture.
3 of 33
A.Cohen (F,S,S)
Status frustration – can’t achieve middle class life style so commit crime out of their frustration.
4 of 33
S. Cohen (Interactionism)
Folk Devils and Moral Panics – reaction to the mods and rockers based on press reaction. Leads to deviancy amplification.
5 of 33
Becker (I)
Labelling Theory – powerful label the lower status individuals as a form of social control
6 of 33
Lemert (I)
Primary deviance – acts not publicly labelled. Secondary deviance – acts which are labelled. Leads to a master status and a deviant career.
7 of 33
Chambliss (Class & Crime)
Laws protect private property – so support the bourgeoise
8 of 33
Gordon (C&C)
Crime is a rational response to capitalism – it exists in all classes
9 of 33
Taylor et al (C&C)
To fully understand crime, you need to look at – wider origins of deviant acts, immediate origins of the deviant act, act itself, social reaction.
10 of 33
Young (Realism & Crime)
There is an increase in crime from the 1950s – particularly working-class crime (aetiological crisis) Crime worsens in a media saturated society.
11 of 33
Murray (R&C)
Argues that the crime rate is increasing because of a growing underclass or ‘new rabble’ that is defined by their deviant behaviour and those who fail to socialise their children properly.
12 of 33
Lea and Young (R&C)
Three causes of crime – relative deprivation, subcultures, marginalisation
13 of 33
Wilson and Kelling (R&C)
Broken Windows Theory – zero tolerance on all deviance. The ideas of ‘sweat the small stuff’ so serious crime doesn’t happen.
14 of 33
Heidensohn (Gender & Crime)
Observes that gender differences are perhaps 'the most significant feature of recorded crime'. Most crime appears to be committed by males. There is patriarchal control of women at home, in public and at work. Less opportunity to commit crime.
15 of 33
Pollak (G&C)
Chivalry thesis- men are socialised to act in a chivalrous way towards women which leads to less women being accused of criminal acts.
16 of 33
Parsons (G&C)
Sex role theory – women perform traditional female role (less opportunity to commit crime)
17 of 33
Messerschmidt (G&C)
The social construct of masculinity leads to men committing crime. They use crime as a way to assert authority – more common in white middle-class youths, white working-class youths and black lower-class youths.
18 of 33
Hall et al (Ethnicity & Crime)
Moral panic over black muggers – example of how an ethnic group became a scape goat
19 of 33
McPherson Report (E&C)
Report which looks into the Stephen Lawrence case – identified institutional racism in the CJS.
20 of 33
Philips and Bowling (E&C)
Police over police and under protect ethnic minority groups
21 of 33
S. Cohen (Crime & Media)
Moral Panics – deviancy amplification spiral based on media labelling
22 of 33
Beck (Globalisation, Green Crime, State Crime & Human Rights)
We live in a risk society – increasing the types of crime
23 of 33
McLaughlin (G, G.C, S.C & H.R)
Four types of state crime – political crimes, security and police crime, economic crime, social and cultural crimes
24 of 33
Michalowski and Kramer (G, G.C, S.C & H.R)
Identify crimes from the Iraq war – Abu Ghraib Prison (abuse of prisoners) and discussion of terror bombing of civilians is normalised.
25 of 33
Castells (G, G.C, S.C & H.R)
There is a global criminal economy worth over £1 trillion
26 of 33
Hamblin and Schewider (G, G.C, S.C & H.R)
State crime should be defined as the violation of people’s basic human rights.
27 of 33
Kelman and Hamilton (G, G.C, S.C & H.R)
Three features that produce crime of obedience – authorisation, routinisation, dehumanisation
28 of 33
Tombs and Whyte (Control, Punishment & Victimisation)
Safety crimes are explained away as accident prone workers – business owners don’t take responsibility. There is a hierarchy of victimisation. Powerless are most likely to be victims, but less likely to be acknowledged by the state.
29 of 33
Foucault (C,P&V)
Society is full of surveillance. People watch themselves as if we are in a panopticon prison. Crime prevention and punishment is based on the idea of surveillance.
30 of 33
Wolfgang (C,P&V)
In 26% of cases there was victim precipitation – the victim triggered the events. Not as straight forward and victims and criminals.
31 of 33
Christie (C,P&V)
The idea of the victim is socially constructed. There is an ideal victim favoured by the media.
32 of 33
Clarke (C,P&V)
Situational crime prevention is a pre-emptive approach that relies on not improving society but reducing opportunity from crime
33 of 33

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Strain theory – deviance is the result of a strain between the goals a culture encourages individuals to achieve and what the structure of society allows them to achieve. E.g. Issues with the American Dream. Deviant adaptions – conformity, innovation

Back

Merton (F,S,S)

Card 3

Front

Different subcultures – different neighbourhoods provide different illegitimate opportunities for young people to learn criminal skills. Three types of subcultures – criminal subcultures, conflict subcultures, retreatist subculture.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Status frustration – can’t achieve middle class life style so commit crime out of their frustration.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Folk Devils and Moral Panics – reaction to the mods and rockers based on press reaction. Leads to deviancy amplification.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Sociology resources:

See all Sociology resources »See all Crime and deviance resources »