A legal wrong that can be followed by criminal proceedings, which may result in punishment .
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Definition - Deviance
Behaviour which is disapproved of by most people in a society or group, which does not conform to the shared norms and values.
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Definition - Social Order
General conformity to shared norms and values, so that society in peaceful and predictable.
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Definition - Social Control
process by which people are persuaded to obey and conform to rules.
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Definiton - Formal Social Control
Carried out by goverment, armed forces & the Criminal Justice system.
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Definition - Informal Social Control
Education system, family, peer groups, media and religion. may be less aware but arguably more important form of social control.
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How can we measure crime?
Official crime statistics (OCS), Crime survey for England and Wales (CSEW).
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What are the Official Crime Statistics?
Statistics produced by the police, court and prision records.
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What is the Crime Survey for England and Wales?
victim survey which askes people about there experiences of crime.
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Strengths of using Police recorded crime statistics
1) they are easy to access and have already been collected. 2) they are up to date and the time between act of crime and the report tnds to be short, providing and indication of emerging trends. 3) cover whole population 4) no ethical problems
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Limitations of Police recorded crime statistics
1) dont include undetected or unreported crimes. 2)police have power over how crimes can be reported. 3)some information is not collected eg. employment status. 4)accurancy may vary between areas.
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Defintion - Police descretion
some police officers may corrupt or have opinions for misrecording crimes. police could also be influenced by the 'typical criminal'.
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Functionalist views on Police recorded crime statistics
Trust qualitative data (statistics) seen as reliable and representative. See the police as representing all of us due to a consencus in socety. They focus on the 'typical criminal' and usually look into the young working class males first.
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New right and New realist views on Police recorded crime statistics
Laws are made for the benefit of society. Police are representing the interests of the whole society. Focus on explaining criminality in the most deprived areas of society (underclass).
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Left Realists views on Police recorded crime statistics
Recognise that the police stats are not perfect, but should not be dismissed, but should be supplemented by other methods such as victim surveys. (quantitative)
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Marxist views on Police recorded crime statistics
see them as a tool to control the working class and justify there control and opperssion.
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interactionalists views on Police recorded crime statistics
agree to an extent with marxists. Focus on social construction of crime,pay attention to police labelling.
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Radical Criminologists views on Police recorded crime statistics
combine aspects of marxism and interactionalism, tend to focus on power of police to label and political reasons, challenge the over representation of certain ethnic minrity groups in police stats.
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Definition - Victim surveys
Survey of crimes they have been victims of. More likely to include crimes which have not been reported.
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Limitations of the CSEW
Victim less crimes. Only people over 16 have been asked. Only surveys a sample. Responce rate of around 75%
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Definition - Deviance
Back
Behaviour which is disapproved of by most people in a society or group, which does not conform to the shared norms and values.
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