CP Sentence Production

Production VS Comprehension?

Comprehension is a relatively passive process, where only controlling the input. Porduction is active, it is hard to constrain what people say. Production is more variable

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Sentence production?

How people select between available options (eg. lexical, syntactic) when producing sentences

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Produce speech by?

Speaking or writing, in monologue or dialogue, in situated or displaced contexts

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ALL models of sentence production?

Stages: 1) conceptualization (message), 2) formulation (lemmas), 3) articulation (assembly)

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Serial models?

Encapsulated/closed production system, meaning all stages are independent- errors limited to individual categories. Eg. Fromkin 5 stages and Levelt et al 3 stages

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Speech error for serial models?

Limited class exchange. units are often exhcnaged with other units of the same category (eg. nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs)

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Parallel Models?

Open production system, meaning stages are not independent of eachother - processing at one stage affects the others and errors can be exchanged. Eg. Dell

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Speech error for parallel models?

Mixed errors, semantic and phonological co-activation (eg. let's start/stop). Anticipation errors too where a unit occurs in the right place and earlier (eg. leading list)

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Modular VS interactive models?

Processing at individual stages is unaffected by input from other stages or they are

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Holistic VS incremental models?

Sentences are pre-planned as a whole or assembled in piecemental fashion

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Broca's and Wernicke's Aphasia?

Broca's: non-fluent, intact speech comprehension but problems with production, especially with function of words. Wernicke's aphasia: fluent, problems with comprehension but intact speech production, in that speech often lacks meaning

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Anomia aphasia?

An impaired ability to name objects

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Jargon aphasia?

An opposite pattern to agrammatic aphasia, where patients speak fairly grammatically but produce neologisms (make up words), so severe problems with comprehension

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Evidence from aphasia?

Anomia: distinct lexical access module. Agrammatism: separate models for grammar. Jargon: separate phonological module

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Similarities of speaking and writing?

Conceptual planning, and a combination of linguistic stages. Broca's patients have sifficulty with both

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Differences of speaking and writing?

Speaking is 5X faster, written language tends to be more complex, speakers can receive immediate feedback, and repair is easier in writing

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Key processes in writing?

1) The planning process, 2) sentence-generation process 3) revision process

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Three types of knowledge for sentence planning?

Conceptual knowledge (eg. schemas), socio-cultural knowledge (context), metacognitive knowledge (coherence and meanings)

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Sentence Generation?

The gap between planning and writing sentences is much larger than in speaking. Expert writers used 11.2 words per sentence, where as average writers used 7.3

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Sentence revision?

Hayes and Flower: expert writes devote more of their writing time to revision than non-experts. Faigley and Witte: experienced writers are more concerned with coherence and meaning (meta cognitive knowledge)

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Two-route model of spelling?

Lexical (involves accessing detailed information about the word, useful for familiar spelling use) and non-lexical routes (based on converting sounds into letters, useful for unfamiliar word spelling)

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Evidence from dysgraphia (phonological and surface)

Phonological dysgraphia: no problem spelling familiar words, but problem spelling unfamiliar words (due to non-lexical route damage). Surface dysgraphia: produced spelling that sound like regular words (caused by damage to the lexical route)

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CP Sentence Production

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