Sentence processing focuses on higher level processes
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Two main levels of analysis?
Analysis of the syntactic structure. Analysis of the resulting sentential meaning
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Levels of representation?
Phonemes, words, phrases, then sentence
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Syntactic analysis?
Seeing the sentence for nouns and verbs and adjectives
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Parsing?
Building a syntactic interpretation during the sentence processing
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Parser?
Abstract sentence processor
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Parse?
Temporarily built interpretation that may or not be the final/correct one
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Global ambiguities?
More than one interpretation is possible for the sentence as a whole
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Local ambiguities?
Multiple interpretations are only possible at the initiral processing stages, once the remainder of the sentence is known, only one interpretation remains
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Garden path effect?
When the parser commits a wrong interpretation leading to a dead end, when the later input is inconsistent with the initially committed interpretation
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Serial models?
Syntax leads to meading, then reanalysis
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Parallel models?
Syntax and meaning go hand in hand
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Evidence for serial models?
Two step process
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Evidence for parallel models?
Context is important, may be more likely to resolve an ambiguity faster
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Strengths of serial models?
Simple account and minimal set of principles
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Strengths of parallel models?
Use all relevant information to get quick interpretation, and assumes flexibility in parsing decisions
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Good -enough models?
Typical goal of comprehension is to parse the input well enough to meet task demands. Heuristics can speed up the interpretation task and decide the balance between the analyses
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Discourse?
Logically and inferentially connects several sentences
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Story processing?
Involves relating overall text information to relevant knowledge in long-term memory
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Inferences?
Logical (eg. wife=female), bridging (eg. she reached for purse=to get money), elaborative (eg. she smiled=glad that she can impress her husband)
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Schemas?
Integrated packets of knowledge about the worlds, events, people and actions
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Brewer and Treyens (1981) study?
Participants recalled more schema-consistent than inconsistent items in the office
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Strengths of schemas?
Aids text comprehension/
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Weaknesses of schemas?
Too abstract. Most schemas are untestable. Unclear conditions on what activate given schemas
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Two main levels of analysis?
Back
Analysis of the syntactic structure. Analysis of the resulting sentential meaning
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