Mental diary - events. Tend to remember gists. Constructive process. Assessed using recall and recognition tasks
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Gists?
This tendency increases with age. Too much resources necessary to produce a permanent record. Can remember false memories too
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How do the tests work?
Can be given free recall eg "list all...." or serial recall, which is in order. Cued recall is like "begins with C", forced choice recall eg did you study A or B. Yes/no recognition
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Semantic memory?
Mental encyclopedia - objects, facts. Stored into hierarchal networks and organised into feature-based categories.
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Hierarchal networks?
Concepts are represented as nodes, and features are associated with each concept. Eg bird= node, deathers= feature.
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Hierarchal distance?
Takes longer to recall a feature from a node that is connected to another. Eg longer to recall that a canary breathes (like all animals) than that it sings (just for canaries)
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Limitations of hierarchal network models?
Familiarity effect: familiarity reduces the hierarchal distance (Conrad 1972). Typicality effect: verification is faster for features of more typical members (Rips, Shoben & Smith 1973)
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Feature models?
Living things are distinguished by what they look like. Non-living things are distinguished by their functions
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Evidence for the stores being independent?
Amnesida case studies, eg anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia
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Spiers et al (2001) study?
Found patients with anterograde amnesia due to damage to hippocampus often have episodic impairments but little or no semantic impairments
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Tulving (2002) study?
Found patients with retrograde amnesia have more severely disfunctioning in the episodic than the semantic
Increased sensitivity to a stimulus due to prior exposure (Tulving & Chacter, 1990). Way to access implicit memory, and may be a major vehicle of implicit learning
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Perceptual priming?
Repeated presentation of a stimulus leads to facilitated processing of its perceptual features (prime and target share properties)
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Conceptual priming?
Repeated presentation of a stimulus leads to facilitated processing of its meaning (prime and target are related semantically)
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