The world or universe as a perfect well ordered system
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A Posteriori
An argument based on the idea that things can be proved based on experience. It is a conclusion you reach afterv you've considered all the evidence, for example - religion
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A Priori
An argument based on the idea that things can be known without any experience. For example, 'all bachelors are unmarried' would be a priori statement because you only have to know the meaning of bachelor to know its true
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The God of Classical Thiesm
An eternal God who created and is outside of our dimension. It is believed there is only one God who is immutable (unchanging), omnipotent, omnibenevolent and omniscient
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Necessary Existance
When referring to God means that he is eternal and transcendent (outside of our universe and dimensions). Even though God is outside space and time he can act within it - if God did not exist in this way then we wouldnt exist
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Efficient Cause
A cause that is capable of performing an action and bringing about the desired result
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Final Cause
The reason for something to be brought about
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Teleology
The philosophical explanation of phenomena by the purpose they serve, rather than the causes believed to be behind them
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Supremely Perfect
To have all the perfections
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Infinity
Eternity - time without end
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Potentiality
The inherent but undeveloped capabilities and possibilities of someone or something or change
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Actuality
A state of being, the reality of something at this moment in time
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Sufficient Reason
An adequate reason that explains the cause of an event - in this case the origin of the universe
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Contingency
An event or condition that depends on something else, which may or may not happen. Things do not contain the reason for their own existance, but depend on external causes
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Metaphysics
The study of God and spirituality
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Ontological
Ontology is the branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being
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Temporal
Relates to worldy rather than spiritual matters
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Induction
A method of reasoning where a conclusion is reached by linking observation of cause and effect to draw a conclusion. The opposite is deduction which is a method of reasoning by logical stages to reach a conclusion
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Philosophical Logic
The study of the more specifically philosophical aspects of logic
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Fallacy of Composition
The error that concludes that since parts of a whole have a certain property so does the whole
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Creationism
The belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation - as in biblical account - rather than by natural processes such as evolution
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Kalam
An Arabic term which means to 'argue' or 'discuss'. Muslim scholars developed the kalam argument to explain Gods creation of the universe. It is cosmological as it seeks to prove that God was the first cause of the universe
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Actual Infinite
An actual infinite is a mathematical concept found in set theory. It refers to sets or collections of things with an infinite number of members. It is not growing towards infinity because it is infinite already
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Potential Infinite
Exists if it is always possible to add one more to a series of things or events.It is possible to think of the future as a potential infinite because more events are always being added to history
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Ex Nihilo
Derived from Latin, it means 'out of nothing'
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Natural Theology
Knowledge of God which is obtained through reason alone, without the aid of revelation
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Fideism
An idea that religious beliefs cannot be justified by rational means, only through faith
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
An argument based on the idea that things can be proved based on experience. It is a conclusion you reach afterv you've considered all the evidence, for example - religion
Back
A Posteriori
Card 3
Front
An argument based on the idea that things can be known without any experience. For example, 'all bachelors are unmarried' would be a priori statement because you only have to know the meaning of bachelor to know its true
Back
Card 4
Front
An eternal God who created and is outside of our dimension. It is believed there is only one God who is immutable (unchanging), omnipotent, omnibenevolent and omniscient
Back
Card 5
Front
When referring to God means that he is eternal and transcendent (outside of our universe and dimensions). Even though God is outside space and time he can act within it - if God did not exist in this way then we wouldnt exist
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