Core chemistry

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  • Created by: Becky
  • Created on: 15-05-13 17:48
An element has the electronic structure 2,8,4. Which group is it in?
Group 4
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What do the elements in a group have the same number of?
Electrons in the highest occupied energy level or outer shell
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What do the elements in a period have the same number of?
Occupied energy levels or shells
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When an element from group 1 reacts with water what happens?
A metal hydroxide and hydrogen are formed
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Why is sodium stored under oil?
To keep it away from air and water
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The atoms in an element are what?
All the same type
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What does an atom consist of?
A nucleus surrounded by electrons
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What are the groups in the periodic table?
A column of similar elements
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What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
Protons and neutrons
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What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons it contains
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What does an ionic bond involve?
Moving electrons between atoms
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What is an ionic bond?
A force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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What does a covalent bond involve?
sharing electrons between atoms
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The result of a test for carbon dioxide is what?
Limewater turns cloudy
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Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to produce what?
Calcium carbonate (limestone)
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How do you produce calcium oxide from calcium carbonate?
By heating it
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Limestone is mostly made of what?
Calcium Carbonate
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What are the other ingredients of concrete?
Cement, sand and crushed rock
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What is an advantage of using concrete to make building foundations?
It's strong when squashed
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Why can gold be found in the Earth's crust in its native state?
Gold is very unreactive.
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Whats is an ore?
A metal which is chemically worth extracting
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Why is aluminium extracted from aluminium ore by electrolysis?
Aluminium is more reactive than carbon (in the reactivity series)
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What happens to iron oxide in a blast furnace?
It is reduced to form iron
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What process is used to purify copper?
Electrolysis is used to purify copper
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Why is titanium expensive to extract from its ore?
Lots of stages are involved
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Copper can be obtained by reacting solutions of copper compounds with scrap iron. What is this reaction called?
Displacement
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What do we call the compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms?
Hydrocarbons
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What happens to a liquid during its separation from a mixture by distillation?
Evaporating followed by condensing
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In comparison with large hydrocarbons, how would you describe small hydrocarbons?
In comparison with large hydrocarbons, small hydrocarbons are more volatile (can change state easily)
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What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
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How can alkanes be described?
Alkanes can be described as saturated.
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Which gases can be formed by the combustion of hydrocarbons?
Water vapour and carbon dioxide
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Which gas is mainly responsible for acid rain?
Sulfer dioxide
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What are the products of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
Carbon dioxide and water
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Incomplete combustion can produce black particles of what?
Carbon
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Whats the difference between complete and incomplete combustion?
Complete combustion occurs when there is plenty of oxygen, whereas incomplete combustion takes place in presence with minimal oxygen
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Where are vegetable oils found?
In seeds, nuts and some fruit
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What do unsaturated oils tend to be like?
They tend to be liquid at room temperature (saturated oils are solids at room temperature)
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Which chemical is needed to harden vegetable oils?
Hydrogen
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What conditions are needed for hydrogenation?
60°C and a nickel catalyst
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What is mayonnaise an example of?
An emulsifier
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Starting with the centre of the Earth, what is the correct order for the layers of the Earth?
Inner core, Outer core, Mantle, Crust
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What causes tectonic plates to move?
Convection currents in the Earth's mantle
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At what rates do tectonic plates move?
A few centimetres a year
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Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen
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Which was the most abundant gas in the early atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide was the most abundant gas in the early atmosphere.
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What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere today?
20%
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What caused the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere to increase?
Photosynthesis
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Which of the following is a reason for the decrease in carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere?
It became locked up in fossil fuels and sedimentary rocks
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One theory as to how life was formed involves the interaction between hydrocarbons, ammonia and lightning. The mixture formed is called what?
The primordial soup
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What was Alfred Wegner's theory of the evolution of the Earth?
That the Earth was once all one mass of land called Pangaea, but over time its been split up forming the continents
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Give 3 pieces of evidence that proved the theory of tectonic plate right
1: The match in shapes between continents, fitting together like a jigsaw 2: Similar patterns of rocks between each border 3: Similar fossils on both sides of the Atlantic
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Why might people not have believed in Wegener's theory at first?
It went against religious beliefs of God creating the world in 7 days and Wegener had no proof of the continents moving closer together
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What's another name for the Theory of Tectonic Plates?
Continental drift
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do the elements in a group have the same number of?

Back

Electrons in the highest occupied energy level or outer shell

Card 3

Front

What do the elements in a period have the same number of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

When an element from group 1 reacts with water what happens?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why is sodium stored under oil?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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