Core science-biology paper 1

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  • Created by: homer00
  • Created on: 04-05-16 09:10
What does a 'balanced diet' consist of?
Carbohydrates for energy release, fats for warmth and energy release, protein for growth, cell repair and cell replacement, fibre to keep the digestive system running smoothly and vitamin and minerals keep skin, bones, blood and everything healthy.
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What is metabolic rate?
Metabolic rate is the chemical reactions which take place in the body to keep you alive
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What does metabolic rate depend on?
Muscle, physically big people. Men tend to have a higher metabolism because they're slightly bigger and have more muscle.
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What are the consequences of having an unbalanced diet?
Obesity, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and heart problems
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What are the consequences of eating too little?
Slow growth, fatigue, poor resistance to infection, irregular periods in women.
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Can someone be fit but not healthy?
Yes, people can be physically fit and slim, but malnourished at the same time.
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What are the two main types of bacteria?
Bacteria and virus.
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How do bacteria make you feel ill?
Damaging the cells or producing toxins(poisons)
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How do viruses make you feel il?
They replicate themselves by invading the cells and use the cells' machinery to make copies of themselves. The cell eventually bursts, releasing all the viruses.
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What defence systems does the body have?
Skin, hairs and mucus stop nasties getting in through the he respiratory system. Small fragments of cells clot the blood quickly to heal cuts and white blood cells.
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How do white blood cells attack any pathogens?
Engulfing them, producing antibodies and producing antitoxins
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What is a vaccination?
A vaccination is injecting a tiny dead or inactive micro-organism, these carry antigens which cause your body to make antibodies.
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What did Ignaz Semmelweis do to change the way hospitals are run today?
Semmelweis introduced hand washing in hospitals. This meant that any bacteria on the hands of doctors doesn't spread between sick people and new born babies
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What are the receptors in the eyes?
Light receptors, sensitive to light
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What are the receptors in the ears?
Sound receptors, sensitive to sound. Also balance receptors are sensitive to change in position.
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What are the receptors in the nose?
Smell receptors are sensitive to chemical stimuli.
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What are the receptors in the tongue?
Sensitive to bitter, salt, sweet, sour and savory foods.
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What are the receptors in the skin?
Sensitive to touch, pressure, pain and change in temperature
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What are sensory neurons?
The nerve cells carry signals as electrical impulses from the receptors in the sense organs to the central nervous system.
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What are relay neurons?
The nerve cells carry signals from sensory neurons to motor neurons.
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What are motor neurons?
The nerve cells that carry signals from the central nervous system to the effector muscles or glands
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What are effectors?
Muscles and glands. They respond in different ways. Muscles contract in response to a nervous impulse whereas glands secrete hormones.
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What are synapses?
A synapses is the connection between two neurons, the nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap.
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What are reflexes?
Reflexes are an automatic response to a stimuli, they stop us from getting injured.
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Name in order the reflex arch?
stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron, effector, responce.
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What are hormones?
Chemical messages sent in the blood.
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Name the different stages in the menstrual cycle?
Bleeding starts, the lining of the uterus builds up again, egg is released from the ovary at day 14, the wall is maintained for 14 days.
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What is Auxin?
A plant hormone which controls the growth of the plant near the tips and shoots of roots.
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How does the plant benefit from the auxin?
Shoots grow towards sunlight and away from gravity, roots grow towards gravity and towards moisture.
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What are the 3 main stages in testing drugs?
Drugs tested on human cells & tissues, they are then tested on live animals, they arwe then tested on healthy human volunteers.
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Card 2

Front

What is metabolic rate?

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Metabolic rate is the chemical reactions which take place in the body to keep you alive

Card 3

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What does metabolic rate depend on?

Back

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Card 4

Front

What are the consequences of having an unbalanced diet?

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Card 5

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What are the consequences of eating too little?

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