Core Biology | Keeping Healthy

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What do carbohydrates do
A source of energy | Potatoes, Bread, Pasta
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What do Fats do
Insulates the body amongst other things | Cheese, Butter, Oil,
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What do Fibers do
Helps with our digestion system | Vegetables, fruit and bred
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What do Proteins do
Help with growing, and repairing cells | Meat, Fish, Eggs, and cheese
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If you have a balanced diet and good body weight is an advantage compared to someone skinny or obesity
You're resistant to many diseases as someone have a balanced diet is exposed to more diseases, or obesity more diseases and exposed to high blood pressaure
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What can depend on the metabolic rate without exercise
Muscle to fat ratio, gender, age and genetic traits
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A healthy diet is
Correct amount of all different nutrients and right amount of energy
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What is name of energy from food released
respiration
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What is the metabolic rate
Rate of chemicals reactions that take place in the body
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Where is cholesterol made and where does it go
Made in the liver and go into the blood
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What is cholestoral purpose
To make healthy cell membranes
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What can too much cholesterol do
Lead to heart problems
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What are the two types of cholestoral, and what do they do.
LDL and HDL | LDL can lead to building fat in the arteries, HDL remove excess cholesterol (excess: non needed
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What is a pathogen
Known as microorganisms (such as viruses and bacteria)
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Name the two types of white blood cells
Phagocytes and lympocytes
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How do phagocytes deal with pathogens
ingest or use enzymes to attack them
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How do lymphocytes deal with pathogens
They multiply, and then make lots of proteins called antibodies
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How do viruses reporduce and how do they make us ill
Use cells and copy inside hundreds of copies and burst out, they damage the cell
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How do bacteria reproduce and how do they make us ill
They reproduce by themself, but they release toxins
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Main problem with bacteria
They produce toxins
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How do antibiotics work?
They can stop bacteria from reproducing
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What can vaccination involve?
Injecting an inactive form of the pathogen to stimulate immunity
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It is important to use antibiotics carefully because:
We should be careful not to over-use antibiotics because dangerous strains of resistant bacteria may develop by natural selection.
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How is MRSA dangerous
It's resistant to most antibiotics,
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What did Robert Koch do?
discovered how to grow bacteria in a Petri dish
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What does the nervous system do
Respond to changes in the enviorment
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What usually coordinates the nervous system
The brain
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What are reflex actions
Bypass the brain and act quickly
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What consists of the central nervous system
The spine and the cord
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What are receptors
Specialised cells that can detect environmental change or stimuli( envokes a specific functional reaction), and turn them into electrical impulses
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What happens when a receptor is stimulated (Step by Step Question)
it sends a signal across the nerve cells (also known as neurons) to the brain, the brain then coordinates the response
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Receptors sensitive to sound
Ears
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Receptors sensitive to light
Eyes
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What is an Effector
Any part of the body that produces a response (Example: Muscle contracting to move your arm)
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What is an Neuron
Carry information as tiny electrical signals
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What are sensory neurons
Carry singles from receptors to the spinal cord and brain.
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What relay neutrons
Carry messages from sensory to motor neutrons so the signal bypasses the brain neurone
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What motor neutrons
Signals from Relay neurons to Motor neurons (carry signals to part of the body that move)
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What is a snyapse
A tiny gap between Neuron that go across using chemicals
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From two types of neurons it uses a
synapse to transmite chemically then carry on information impulsed
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Name two types of Effectors
Muscle and Gland
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What does the Effector do to the gland
releases (CHECK THIS)
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What is Auxin and what does it do
A hormone Plant that grows towards a light (phototropism) or going into the ground (gravitropism)
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What is photogrotism
Gather on the side of the plant away from light, in shoots it causes scells to grow longer(elongate) and faster rate. And will bend towards the light because the light caused it to grow
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What is gravotroism
The auxin is in the cells on the bottom of the root due to gravitiy. Cells on top of the root grow at a faster rate than the cells on the bottom of the root making it go into the ground
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What is FSH
To start an egg cell maturing in the ovaries
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What is Oestrogen hormone
Controls the thickness of the lining of the wall of the uterus
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What is Luteinising Hormone
Stimulates the egg to be released
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What happens if the egg isnt featilised
If the egg isn't fertilised the levels of oestrogen decrease and the lining starts to breakdown, then gets ready for the next cycle of mensutral
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What does the contraceptive pill do
Stops them producing egg cells (FSH)
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What was the problem with the earlier pill
Large amount of Oestrogen causing woman to be nauseous and ill
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What does stimulate mean
increase activity
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What part of the brain is involved with some of the hormones in the menstual cycle
The pituitary gland
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Larmark Theory
Changes of the organism in its lifetime effected its offspring (e.g. broken arm grows back crucked will be passed on to offspring)
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Darwin Theory
Mutations with a beneficial had a better chance of survival than others that don't have that abling them to pass on their offspring and the ones with the non-beneficial dying. (Which is known as adaptation).
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What is adaptation
Mutations in that enviorment giving it an advantage allowing them to surivie longer than ones not having that allowed them to give their offspring and the ones with the non-mutation dying
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What made Darwin Theory famous
Collecting evidence for decades.
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What does fertility treatments do
Helps make more eggs with extra FSH (so higher levels of fsh)
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What is the danger of fertility treatments
can release a lot of egg cells so a lot of eggs can be fertilised at once
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What if FSH and LH is given
Release larger number of eggs, then collected and outside the human body known as IVF
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PAGES TO FINISH
28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43
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FSH
stimulates ovaries maturing an
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Oestrogen
Controls the thickness of the lining of the wall of the uterus
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LH
Stimulates an egg to be released
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do Fats do

Back

Insulates the body amongst other things | Cheese, Butter, Oil,

Card 3

Front

What do Fibers do

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What do Proteins do

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

If you have a balanced diet and good body weight is an advantage compared to someone skinny or obesity

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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