An instinct that when a danger is detected, it triggers a series of physical responses. It prepares the body to either run or fight.
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Name the 2 systems the hypothalamus communicates to once a threat is detected
The sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal-cortical system
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Explain what happens after the sympathetic nervous system is activated
It activates the adrenal medulla which releases adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream, which triggers certain responses like increased heart rate, it also activates glands and smooth muscles
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Explain what happens after the adrenal-cortical system is activated
ACS is activated by the releasing of CRF from hypothalamus, it triggers pituitary gland to secrete ACTH, this arrives at the adrenal cortex and releases approx 30 hormones
More blood for major muscle groups, brain and ventilation muscles
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Blood glucose levels increase
Increased respiration to provide energy for contraction
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Smooth muscle of airways relax
To allow more oxygen into lungs
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Digestive system shuts down
More resources for emergency functions
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What is one of adrenalines main functions?
To trigger the liver cells to undergo glycogenolysis, more glucose to allow respiration to increase for muscle contraction
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Why cant adrenaline pass through the liver cell membrane?
Adrenaline is hydrophilic
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How does adrenaline trigger glycogenolysis in the liver cells?
Binds its receptor and activates Adenylyl Cyclase which triggers of conversion of ATP into cyclic AMP, this acts as a secondary messenger which activates other enzymes which trigger glycogenolysis
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What is the cascade effect?
The secondary messenger model previously mentioned, so where a molecule triggers another (secondary messenger) which then activates several other molecules
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name the 2 systems the hypothalamus communicates to once a threat is detected
Back
The sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal-cortical system
Card 3
Front
Explain what happens after the sympathetic nervous system is activated
Back
Card 4
Front
Explain what happens after the adrenal-cortical system is activated
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