Connective Tissues

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  • Created by: LBCW0502
  • Created on: 09-01-18 17:01
What is the main role of connective tissue?
Acts as a transport system
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What is the role of tendons?
Used to attach muscle to bone
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What is the role of ligaments?
Used to connect bone to bone
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Give examples, functions and special features of support cells
Fibrous support tissue, cartilage, bone. Organise and maintain body posture. Produce and interact with extracellular matrix material
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What are the three basic elements which form the matrix?
Cells, ground substance (contains extracellular matrix components except collagenous components) and fibres
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The matrix can be in which various states?
Fluid, semi-fluid, gelatinous, fibrous and calcified (range from soft to hard)
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Where would you find calcified connective tissue?
Bones (baby - soft connective tissue calcifies over time)
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Give features of connective tissues
Innervated (except cartilage), highly vascularised (except cartilage of tendon), doesn't occur on free surfaces
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Which cells are present in connective tissue?
Mast and plasma cells - part of immune system (barrier against pathogens). Fibroblasts - produce fibres. Fat cells - adipocytes for storage (nucleus pushed on one side). Elastic fibres - able to move
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What are fibroblasts?
Large cell body - able to produce lots of protein for ground substance. Lots of projections from cell - infiltrate ground substance (large network of cells). Produce extracellular matrix components. Movement/strength in one direction. Tear opposite
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What is the features of macrophages
Find foreign particles in the body. Spherical/round. Easier to move. Start to form projections to engulf bacteria. Bacteria in macrophage. Lysozymes. Pseudopolio
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Describe features of plasma cells
B cells produce plasma cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies specific to antigens. Large nucleus, extensive SER for production of antibodies to fight infection (SER packages proteins for release)
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Describe features of mast cells
Antibody binds to mast cells. Release histamines
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What do macrophages, plasma and mast cells comprise?
The immune system
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Describe features of adipose cells
Adipocytes/fat cell. Cells get larger due to storage of fat (reserve of fuel). Organelles pushed to side of cell to maximise amount of space for fat reservoir
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Describe features of collagen fibres
Torsional strength. Triple helix. Gly - more compact (H, aliphatic non-polar) highly flexible. Disulfide bonds - Cys. Force in any direction is small (twist). Snap - other chains get tension. Tendons damaged by twist (strong 1D)
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Describe features of elastic fibres
Thin, allows tissue to expand/contract. Elastic expands without breaking, able to pull back together (collagen - less flexible, used for strength)
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Which blood vessel is the most elastic?
Aorta. Withstand high blood pressure. Elastic able to contract - provides extra pump. Smooth movement of blood around the body. Maintain blood flow
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Describe features of reticular fibres
Found between tissues with larger structures. Liver - hexagonal structure, each unit (hepatocytes), no bottom structure on units, no basement membrane. Reticular fibres hold hepatocytes together (prevent collapse). Drainage channels e.g. gall bladder
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Describe features of loose connective tissue
Spongy/soft Elastic, collagen, fat cells, neutrophils. Major form. Under skin. Surround organs.Cushion. Support epithelial membranes. Phagocytic cells. Different directions (no strength provided)
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Give features of adipose tissue
Specialised type. More calories/less burning, fat deposits in liver. Present under skin. Cushion/insulation/store energy. Nucleus pushed to side
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Describe features of dense regular connective tissue
Mainly collagen type I, fibres in parallel bundles, connects tissues, ligaments (more elastic/tendons). Cells/fibres in one direction - support. Dense/few gaps. Fibres in parallel bundle. (Tendons - muscle connect to bones. Ligaments - connect bones)
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Describe tendon structure
Increases tensile strength. Load shared over many hundred of fibres
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Describe features of dense irregular connective tissue
Mainly collagen type I. Fibres not in parallel bundles. Comprise lower layers of dermis and white part of eyeball. Few gaps. Force in all directions
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What is the dermis?
Thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis and contains blood vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles etc.
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Describe features of bone
Fibres in bundles. Calcified. Blood vessels. Dynamic Osteoporosis. Able to strengthen it. Weakened by lack of activity. Structural framework for body. Centre of fibres. Osteoclasts - involved in calcifying bones (projections). Blood vessels between
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What do osteoclasts produce?
Calcium phosphate (bone is a specialised fibroblast)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the role of tendons?

Back

Used to attach muscle to bone

Card 3

Front

What is the role of ligaments?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give examples, functions and special features of support cells

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the three basic elements which form the matrix?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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