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6. Why do we not categorise?

  • Increases the complexity of the environment
  • Allows us to recognise novel patterns
  • When we see new things, we can assign them to a category to understand them more
  • Allows us to establish hierarchies of objects

7. What is not true about the superordinate level of natural categories?

  • Lowest level of abstraction
  • Consists of general categories
  • Consists of only a few attributes
  • E.g. furniture, bird, vehicle, etc.

8. What is a rule?

  • Logical relationship between attributes
  • Distinct features of objects
  • An object that satisfies a concept
  • Mental representation used for cognitive efficiency

9. What is an attribute?

  • An object that satisfies a concept
  • Mental representation used for cognitive efficiency
  • Distinct features of objects
  • Logical relationship between objects

10. Why does the basic level appear to be special?

  • Quicker to identify basic-level category members as members of a category
  • Children learn basic-level concepts later than other levels
  • Different cultures tend to use different basic-level categories
  • Basic-level is less common in adult discourse than names for superordinate categories

11. What is family resemblance (Wittgenstein, 1953)?

  • The set of entities that are members of the concept
  • Measure of the overlap between members within a category
  • The set of attributes that define what it is to be a member of a concept
  • Differences in how well members relate to their category

12. What is the rule when if the first attribute is present then the other must be present?

  • Conditional
  • Bioconditional
  • Conjunctive
  • Disjunctive

13. What is typicality?

  • The set of entities that are members of the concept
  • Measure of the overlap between members within a category
  • Differences in how well members relate to their category
  • The set of attributes that define what it is to be a member of a concept

14. If either of the relevant attributes must be present to be an exemplar, what is the rule?

  • Disjunctive
  • Conditional
  • Bioconditional
  • Conjunctive

15. Which approach does not work well?

  • Definitional
  • Prototype
  • Defining-attribute
  • Logical concept

16. The concept is represented by multiple examples rather than a single one and examples are actual category members. Which approach is this?

  • Defining-attribute
  • Exemplar
  • Prototype
  • Logical concept

17. What is not true about the subordinate level of natural categories?

  • Consists of specific types of objects
  • Consists of many attributes
  • E.g. table, sparrow
  • Lowest level of abstraction

18. What is not true about the basic level of natural categories?

  • Recognised more quickly by non-experts
  • Exists between the two extremes
  • Usually acquired last by children
  • Balance between informativeness and economy

19. If both of the attributes specified in the logical relation must be present to be an exemplar, what rule is it?

  • Conjunctive
  • Disjunctive
  • Conditional
  • Bioconditional

20. What is an exemplar?

  • Logical relationship between attributes
  • Mental representation used for cognitive efficiency
  • An object that satisfies a concept
  • Distinct features of objects