Computing

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  • Created by: kelsey
  • Created on: 17-04-13 10:23
Computation
the act or process of calculating/determining something by mathematical, logical or interactive methods
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Computability
Measures what can/cannot be computed
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Computing
The study of natural and artificial information process
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Artificial Intelligence
A branch of computing that studies the use of computers to perform computational processes normally associated with human intellect
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Algorithm
A description, independant of any programming language, of a process that achieves some task. Step-by-step procedure to solve a problem
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Deterministically
Without guessing a solution before comfirming it.
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Program
A description in a programming language of a process that achieves some useful result
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Given
An initial situation
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Problem
A given where it is not immediately obvious how to reach the goal
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Goal
A desired outcome
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Resources
Things that can be used to reach a goal and impose constraints.
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Defining Boundaries
Establishing the limits/rules about what can/cant be done when solving a problem. These limits are a type of constraint
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Lateral Thinking
Used to challenge assumptions, establish facts and rules and define the boundaries of problem solving
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Module
A self-contained entity that results when a problem is divided into subproblems; each module corresponds to a subproblem
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Stepwise refinement
the process of breaking down a problem through successive steps into smaller problems
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Structure Table
An indented, numbered list of steps produced by stepwise refinement
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Finite state machine
a machine that consists of a fixed set of possible states with a set of allowable imputs that change the state and a set of possible outputs
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State transition diagram
a way of describing a FSM graphically. Each state is represented by a circle and each transition by an arrow labelled with the imput that causes the transition plus any output resulting from the transition
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State transition table
shows the effect on the current state of an FSM of particular imputs and any corresponding output
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Decision table
a table that shows the outcome for a given logical condition
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Sequence
consecutive steps or group of steps processed one after the other in the order that they arise
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Selection
a decision-making step
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Repetition/Iteration
a step or sequence of steps that are repeated until some condition is satisfied or while some condition is satisfied
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Assignment
an operation that assigns a value to a variable
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Structured english
a very restricted subset of the english language
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Pseudocode
code that resembles a programming language but that uses less strict syntax to express an algorithm and is independent of any real programming language
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Hand trace, deck check, dry run
A careful step-by-step simulation on paper of how an algorithm would be executed by a computer high-level programming language a language that has English-like keywords and commands to express the basic constructs of sequence, selection and repetitio
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Variable
A location in memory that contains one or more data values
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Identifier
A unique name given to a variable, a procedure, a function etc.
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Integer division
Returns only the whole number part of a division
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Compiler
A program that translates source code into executable object code
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Console application
A program that runs in a text-based window that the user types and which displays text output from the pc
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Global variable
A variable declared at the beginning of a program and accessible from anywhere in the program
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Local variable
A variable declared in a program block and only accessible within the program block
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Constant
A value that does not change throughout the program
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Integer
A whole number
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Real number
A number with a decimal point and a fractional part
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String
A sequence of zeros or more characters
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Character
Any letter, numeral or symbol in the given char set, such as ASCII char set
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Boolean data
Can be one of two possible values, true or false
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Measures what can/cannot be computed

Back

Computability

Card 3

Front

The study of natural and artificial information process

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A branch of computing that studies the use of computers to perform computational processes normally associated with human intellect

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A description, independant of any programming language, of a process that achieves some task. Step-by-step procedure to solve a problem

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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