Computer Science Unit 1

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What does the CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
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What does input do?
information, or data, feeds into the system from input devices such as keyboards, mice, cameras or sensors.
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What does process do?
The information collected needs to be processed and actions carried out. This may mean carrying out calculations, sending intructions to other devices or transferring information from different areas of memory.
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What does output do?
Once processed or acted on, the result is presented via output devices such as monitors, speakers, mechanical movement or printers.
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What is a modern day processor?
The Von Neumann Architecture
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What does the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) do?
Where calculations are carried out. These include mathematical tasks, logic tests and data comparisons.
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What does the Control Unit (CU) do?
Controlls the flow of data around the system, both inside the CPU and between input and output devices. Control Signals are sent to the ALU, cache and memory registers.
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What is the Cache?
The cache is a very small area of the CPU with fast-flowing memory. This is used to store data when carrying out instructions. Also this can help acess additional areas to prevent bottlenecks when communicating with the RAM
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Who designed the Von Neumann Architecture?
John vonn Neumann designed this, he was a mathmatician in 1945.
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What is the memory address register (MAR)?
This is the location address in memory of the next piece of data or instruction that needs to be fetched or stored.
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Memory Data Register (MDR)
An instructionor piece of data fetched from memory is stored here temporarily until it is used.
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Program Counter (PC)
The program counter holds the memory ADDRESS of instruction for each cycle.
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Accumulator (ACC)
The accumulator stores intermediate results of calculations in the ALU (Temorally)
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What are the 3 main stages, which a CPU needs to follow?
Fetch, Decode, Execute
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How many times of a second a CPU does carries out its instructions?
Billions of times a second
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What does the fetch function do?
The processor fetches the instruction from memory and uses the program counter to keep track of where it is.
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What is the Execute function?
The instruction is then carried out; this could be a calculation or the transferred data.
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What is the decode function?
Once the instruction is loaded, the CPU needs to know what it means, so the instruction must be decoded.
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What are the main common central processing unit characteristics. (3)
Clock Speed, Cache Size, Number of cores
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What is Clock Speed?
Clock speed refers tp the rate at which instructions are processed by the CPU.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does input do?

Back

information, or data, feeds into the system from input devices such as keyboards, mice, cameras or sensors.

Card 3

Front

What does process do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does output do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a modern day processor?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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