Computer Science

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Define a network
Two or more computers that have been connected together to communicate
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What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?
A network which covers a small geographical area located on a single site connected by its own hardware/infrastructure
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What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?
A network which connects LANs in different geographical locations and hires its infrastructure
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Name some of the factors which affect the performance of a network
Bandwidth, wether the connection is wired or wireless, type of cabling used, choice of hardware, network topology, amount of devices connected
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Define bandwidth
The amount of data that can be transferred in a given time
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What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
An internal piece of hardware that allows a device to connect to a network
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What is a switch?
A device which connects devices on a LAN
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How does a switch work?
It receives data from one device and transmits this data to the device on the network with the correct MAC address
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What is a router?
A device which is responsible for transmitting data between networks
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Name three types of cables which are used in networks
Ethernet/Twisted pair, coaxial and fibre optic
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What is a Wireless Access Point (WAP)?
It acts as a switch which allows devices to connect wirelessly
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Define a hotspot
A location where you can connect to a WAP
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Describe a client-server network
This is managed by a server and devices connected to the the server are clients
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Describe a peer-to-peer server
In P2P networks all devices are equal, connecting directly to each other without a server
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Define the Internet
A WAN which connects devives and networks from all over the world
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Define the World Wide Web (WWW)
A collection of websites that are hosted on web servers and accessed through the http protocol
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Define Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
These are addresses used to access web servers and the resources on them
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What is a Domain Name Server (DNS) ?
It translates a website's domain name into its IP address
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State an advantage of the use of DNSs
People don't have to remember IP addresses to access websites
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Define the term hosting
This is when a business uses its servers to store files of another organisation
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Explain the term cloud computing
This is using the Internet for general storage of user files and also providing online software
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What is a virtual network?
A network that is entirely software-based created by partitioning off some of a physical network's bandwidth to form a separate network
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Define a Virtual Personal Network (VPN)
This is a type of virtual network that can Ben used to send data securely over w large network e.g. The Internet
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What does a Virtual LAN do?
It allows you to split a LAN into several separate networks using the same hardware
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Describe a star topology
All the devices are connected to a central switch or server that controls the network
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Describe a mesh topology
It is decentralised: devices are either directly or indirectly connected to every other one. There is no need for a centra server
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Define a protocol
A set of rules for how devices communicate and how data is transmitted across a network
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what does the TCP/IP protocol do?
It dictates how data is sent between networks and is made up of two protocol
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What is the role of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
Sets the rules for how devices connect on the network. It's in charge of splitting data into packets and reassembling them back into the original data once they reach the receiving device. It also checks that the data is sent and delivered correctly.
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What is the role of the Internet Protocol (IP)?
This is responsible for packet switching
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What is the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) used for?
Used by web browser to access websites and communicate with web servers
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What is HTTP Secure (HTTPS) used for?
A more secure version of HTTP which encrypts all information sent and received
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Used to access, edit and move files between devices on a network
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Post Office Protocol - Version 3 (POP3)
Used to retrieve emails from a server. Server holds the email until you download it, at which point it is deleted from the server.
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Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Used to retrieve email from a server. Server holds email until you delete it.
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Used to send emails and transfer emails between servers
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A network which covers a small geographical area located on a single site connected by its own hardware/infrastructure

Back

What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?

Card 3

Front

A network which connects LANs in different geographical locations and hires its infrastructure

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Bandwidth, wether the connection is wired or wireless, type of cabling used, choice of hardware, network topology, amount of devices connected

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The amount of data that can be transferred in a given time

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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