Cheaper, easier to design and more efficient at performing a specific task
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What does the CPU do
It processes all of the data and instructions that make the system work
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What are the 5 parts of the CPU
Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, The Cache, The Clock, Buses
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What is the main function of the CU
It controls the flow of data inside the CPU by following the fetch execute cycle
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What is the main function of the ALU
It does all of the calculations and logic operations
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What is the main function of the Cache
It stores regularly used data for the CPU to access quickly
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What is the main function of the clock
It synchronises all functions in the CPU by cycling through 1's and 0's
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What is the main function of buses
A collection of wires that transmit data between components of the CPU.
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What is Von Neumann architecture
The CPU runs programs stored in a single memory unit. A program consists of data and instructions.
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Describe the fetch
The instructions for the current program is held in the main memory. The control unit copies the next instruction from the main memory to the registers. The memory address in the control unit is incremented to point to the next instruction.
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Describe the decode
The instruction is decoded by the control unit to determine what it is. Data being used by the instruction being executed may also be in the main memory.
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Describe the execute
The instruction is executed by the ALU. To execute the instruction data may need to be fetched/read from the main memory. Data may need to be written to the from main memory.
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What is RAM
Random Access Memory, volatile (temporary) memory that requires power to retain its data.
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What is RAM used for
It is used to store data and instructions that will be processed by the CPU
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What is ROM
Read Only Memory, non-volatile (permanent) memory that retains its contents even when it has no power.
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What is the ROM used for
ROM is often used to store the BIOS instructions used to boot-up the computer.
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How does a computer boot up
When a computer is powered on, the CPU reads BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) instructions from the ROM. These machine code instructions tell the computer to perform self-checks, initialise hardware and copy the OS into the RAM.
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Non-embedded systems
More RAM than ROM need to write more data, ROM is only used for BIOS instructions,ROM and RAM stored away from CPU
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Embedded systems
More ROM than RAM don't write much, Don't tend to have secondary storage,RAM and ROM stored on the same chip as CPU
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How to increase CPU performance
Clock Speed, CPU Cores, Cache Size, Cache Type
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Advantages of HDD's
Cheaper, Higher capacity, longer read/write life
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Advantages of SSD's
Faster, Don't need Defragmenting, shock proof, Silent
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What is Cloud Storage
Storage of data on remote servers via the internet
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Pros of the Cloud
Access files from any connected devices, Share files with others, Easy to increase storage, No need to buy expensive hardware, No need to pay IT staff, Cloud host provide security and backups, Can be cheap
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Cons of the Cloud
Need to be connected to the internet, Up/Down time depends on Bandwidth, Dependent on host for security and backups, vulnerable to hackers, Unclear who has control over cloud data, subscriptions can be expensive in the long term
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The main functions of the OS
Communicate with I/O devices via device drivers, control memory management, Organises the CPU and its processing tasks, Deals with file and disk management, Manages system security and user accounts.
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Types of utility software
Defragmentation, Compression, Automatic Updating, Clipboard Manager, Backup, System Monitoring, System Cleanup, Encryption, Virus Scanning
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does the CPU do
Back
It processes all of the data and instructions that make the system work
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