Component 1:Fitness and Body Systems

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  • Created by: HULKSMASH
  • Created on: 15-02-18 10:57
Muscular Strength
The amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance
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Muscular Endurance
The ability to use voluntary muscles many times without getting tired.
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Structure
How something complex is put together.
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Anatomy
The bodily structure of humans and animals.
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Physiology
How the whole body or a body part functions.
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Tendons
Fibrous tissues that join bone and muscle.
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Lever
A rigid rod(bone) that turns around a pivot(joint).
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Cartilage
A firm, connective tissue.
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Ossification
The process of development from cartilage to bone.
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Somatotype
Body shape or type.
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Glycogen
The stored form of carbohydrate primarily located in the muscles and liver and readily available as an energy fuel.
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Rotation
Movement around a single axis or pivot point.
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Ligament
Strong, flexible connective tissue that connects bones to other bones.
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Flexion
A bending movement that decreases that angle between body parts (the opposite of extension)
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Extension
A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts (the opposite of flexion)
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Dorsi-flexion
Bending or flexing the toes upward, bringing them closer to the shin.
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Plantar-flexion
Extending or pointing the toes down, away from the shin.
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Adduction
A movement that pulls towards the midline of the body (the opposite of abduction)
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Abduction
A movement that pulls away from the midline of the body (the opposite of adduction)
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Circumduction
Moving a part of the body in a circular or conical shape, as with a ball-and-socket joint like the hip.
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Vascular
Relating to blood vessels.
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Antagonistic pair
Muscles that work together to create movement.
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Muscle fibres
Make up voluntary (skeletal) muscle; divided into type 1, type 2a, type 2x.
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Type 1
Slow twitch muscle fibres;suited to low intensity e.g. marathon running, as they can be used for a long period without fatigue.
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Type 2a
Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue.
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Type 2x
Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work and can generate much greater force than other fibre types, but fatigue quickly.
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Myoglobin
A red pigment that transport oxygen to the muscles.
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Fulcrum
The point around which levers rotates.
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Articulation
The state of having a joint; being a joint.
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Articulate
Act as a joint.
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Cardio-respiratory system
The interaction of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to muscles during exercise.
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Cardiovascular
To do with the heart, blood and blood vessels together.
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Vasodilation
When veins swell up or dilate;widening of the internal diameter (lumen) of the blood vessel to allow increased blood flow.
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Vasoconstriction
When veins shrink down; narrowing of the internal diameter (lumen) of the blood vessel to decrease blood flow.
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Vena cava
Large vein bringing deoxygenated blood into the heart
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Venous
To do with the veins.
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Cusp
A triangular fold or flap of a heart valve.
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Pulmonary
To do with the lungs.
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Vein
Tube that carries blood.
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Artery
A muscular tube that carries blood away from the heart.
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Systole
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.
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Diastole
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and lets the chambers fill with blood.
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Blood pressure
Pressure of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels, especially the arteries.
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Vascular shunting
Process that increases blood flow to active areas during exercise by diverting blood away from inactive areas; achieved by vasodilation and vasoconstruction.
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Erythrocyte
Red blood cell.
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Haemoglbin
A red protein in the blood that transports oxygen.
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Anaemia
A condition where there is a lack of red blood cells or haemoglobin in the blood.
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Leukocyte
White blood cell.
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Pathogen
An agent that causes disease,such as a virus.
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Antibody
Chemical that destroys a pathogen.
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Immune system
The structures and processes in your body that stop disease.
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Thrombokinase
Substance involved in blood clotting.
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Serotonin
Hormone that triggers the clotting process.
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Plasma
The fluid part of blood.
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Inspiration
breathing in.
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Expiration
breathing out.
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Respiration
The movement of air from the body into the cells within tissues.
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Diaphragm
The primary muscle used in the process of inspiration, or inhalation. A dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the rest of the body cavity.
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Trachea
The tube that takes air into the chest, also known as the windpipe.
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Bronchus (pl. bronchi)
Tube along which air passes from the trachea into the lungs.
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Bronchioles
Smaller branches coming off the bronchi.
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Alveoli
Tiny sacs at the end of the bronchioles, where gas exchange takes place.
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Gaseous exchange
The delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream and the removal of carbon dioxide from the tissues.
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Oxygen debt
The amount of oxygen needed at the end of a physical activity to break down any lactic acid.
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Anaerobic exercise
Working at a high intensity level without oxygen for energy production.
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VO two max
The volume of oxygen an athlete can consume while exercising at maximum capacity.
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Glucose
A major source of energy for most cells in the body.
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Aerobic respiration
The process of releasing energy from glucose using oxygen.
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Anaerobic respiration
The process of releasing energy from glucose without oxygen.
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Aerobic exercise
working at a moderate intensity allowing the body time to utilise oxygen for energy production and to work for continuous periods e.g. long-distance events.
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Lactic acid
A colourless acid produced in muscle tissues during strenuous exercise when the body is exercising anaerobically at high intensity.
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Cramp
painful, involuntary contraction of a muscle, usually caused by fatigue.
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Fats
A rich source of energy but many modern diets provide more than our bodies need.
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Carbohydrates
The body's main source of energy.
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Free sugars
Extra sugar added to food and drink.
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Muscle fatigie
When muscles get tired.
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Lactate accumulation
When lactic acid gathers in the muscles/blood due to increased work intensity.
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Heart rate
The number of times the heart beats per minute.
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BPM
beats per minute
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Stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped by the heart during each beat.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The ability to use voluntary muscles many times without getting tired.

Back

Muscular Endurance

Card 3

Front

How something complex is put together.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The bodily structure of humans and animals.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

How the whole body or a body part functions.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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