Competitive Markets

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People demand more if their real income increases
NORMAL GOODS
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People demand less in their real income increases
INFERIOR GOODS
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Demand for a good or a factor of production that is used in making another good or service
DERIVED DEMAND
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Goods that have more than use
COMPOSITE DEMAND
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Value of PED is greater than 1 - a % change in price will cause a larger % change in quantity demanded
ELASTIC DEMAND
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PED is infinity - demand will fall to 0 if there is any change in price
PERFECTLY ELASTIC DEMAND
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Value of PED is between 0 and 1 - a % change in price will cause a smaller % change in quantity demanded
INELASTIC DEMAND
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PED is 0 - change in price will have no effect on demand
PERFECTLY INELASTIC DEMAND
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PED is + or - 1 - % change in price is equal to the % change in demand
UNIT ELASTIC DEMAND
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Value of YED is greater than 1
INCOME ELASTIC
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Value of YED is less than 1
INCOME INELASTIC
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YED is 0 - demand remains constant with income
PERFECTLY INELASTIC
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XED is positive
SUBSTITUTES
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XED is negative
COMPLEMENTS
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production of one good or service involves the production of another - e.g. butane is a by product of producing petrol
JOINT SUPPLY
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PES is greater than 1 - a % change in price will cause a larger % change in supply
ELEASTIC SUPPLY
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PES is infinity - any fall in price will reduce supply to zero
PERFECTLY ELASTIC SUPPLY
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PES is between 0 and 1 - a % change in price will cause a smaller % change in supply
INELASTIC SUPPLY
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PES is 0 - change in price has no effect on supply
PERFECTLY INELASTIC SUPPLY
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PES is 1 - a % in price will have an equal % change in supply
UNIT ELASTIC SUPPLY
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state of a market when supply equals demand, the market clears
EQUILIBRIUM
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all other things remaining equal
CETERIS PARIBUS
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large number of buyers and sellers, no single producer or consumer can influence price or allocation of resources, consumers act rationally
COMPETITIVE MARKET
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incentive to firms, signalling device, ration scarce resources
PRICE MECHANISM
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difference between what a consumer is willing to pay and what they actually pay
CONSUMER SURPLUS
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difference between the price a producer is willing to supply a good at and the price they actually receive for it
PRODUCER SURPLUS
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a good which could be swapper for another of the same type without noticeable difference
COMMODITY
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

People demand less in their real income increases

Back

INFERIOR GOODS

Card 3

Front

Demand for a good or a factor of production that is used in making another good or service

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Goods that have more than use

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Value of PED is greater than 1 - a % change in price will cause a larger % change in quantity demanded

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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