Where different species require the use of the same resources and so will compete until one loses (it is highly unlikely the two will be equally successful).
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What are the two mechanisms of competition between individuals?
When individuals deplete or remove a resource- other individuals then cannot gain that resource themselves. The individuals don't have to come into contact with one another.
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What is interference competiton?
When individuals physically prevent access to a resource for other individuals. This can include physical violence as well as territorial displays.
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What is the difference between intra and inter-specific competition?
Intra= between individuals of the same species. Inter=between individuals of different species.
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How can you tell which species is the most successful competitor in intespecific competition?
Abundance, reproductive success, mortality, life-span etc.
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Do red and grey squirrel compete or resources in the UK?
Range of grey squirrels increased since introduction + range of red squirrels decreased. But reds prefer coniferous woodland + conifer seeds. Greys prefer deciduous wood, seeds and nuts. Reds-86% time: trees. Greys-70% time: ground. Different niches?
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If competition is not to blame what could explain the range changes of the red and grey squirrels?
Parapox? (similar to Myxomatosis) Both are susceptible to the disease. Greys could be a vector and could have spread it.
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Describe Joseph Connell's experiment used to show competition on a British rocky shore.
Zonation. Chthamalus= higher than Semibalanus. C=smaller than S- worse habitat?. Why occupy? S outcompetes C? S removed. Few weeks later- C juveniles on lower rock.- can occupy better habitat lower down. But then S juveniles move back in.
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How does realized niche and fundamental niche relate to niche compression?
Fundamental niches- the habitat a species would occupy in the absence of competition. Niches are narrowed to realized niches- "competitive refuge".
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How many dimensions does a niche have?
Many- niche has an n-dimensional hypervolume. There are many ways for species to reduce their niches to avoid overlap.
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How does niche compression relate to character displacement? Example?
Differences in realised niches for different populations can lead to morphological changes between the two. Galapagos finches *classic.
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Card 2
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What are the two mechanisms of competition between individuals?
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