Compare and Contrast PY1 Flashcards

Science: Behaviourist?

Favours using controlled scientific methods like lab experiments. Experiments are objective and predictions and generalisations can be made. E.g. Pavlov's research involved measuring mls of saliva produced by dogs when hearing a bell.

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Science: Psychodynamic

Favours using non-scientific ideographic case studies. They add detail which builds up a rich subjective picture. E.g. Freud wrot in depth accounts of individual patients progress such as Anna O.

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Science: Biological?

Favours using controlled scientific methods like lab experiments. Experiments are objective and predictions and generalisations can be made. E.g Selye controlled temperature and levels of drugs that rats were exposed to in his stress experiment.

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Science: Cognitive?

Favours using controlled scientific methods like lab experiments. Experiments are objective and predictions and generalisations can be made. E.g. Moris used standardised techniques to consider effect of an IV (football schema) on DV (memory of score)

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Science Cognitive 2?

Favours using non-scientific ideographic case studies. They add detail which builds up a rich subjective picture. E.g. psychologists gained insight into how memory and amnesia work by studying Clive Wearing.

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Therapy: Behaviourist?

Uses systematic desensitisation which aims to unlearn faulty behaviour.

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Therapy: Psychodynamic?

Uses dream analysis which aims to make unconscious repressed desires conscious so they can be resolved.

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Therapy: Biological?

Uses chemotherapy which aims to restore the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain through the use of drugs such as prozac.

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Therapy: Cognitive?

Uses CBT which aims to challenge irrational/faulty thinking relating to themselves, the future and the world (becks negative triad).

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Therapy general however?

However it could be argued that all approaches are similar in terms of therapy as they all aim to improve the quality of peoples lives.

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Assumptions: BA?

Assumes behaviour is learned through interaction with the environment. It can be learned by association reinforcement or observation and imitation. E.g. Little Albert's phobia was learned through classical conditioning.

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Assumptions: PA?

PA assumes behaviour is shaped by the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences. E.g. it is the conflict between the id, ego and superego that shapes our behaviour.

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Assumptions: BioA?

Assumes behaviour is due to inborn factors such as genes, brain chemistry and evolution. E.g. schizophrenia is caused by high levels of dopamine.

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Assumptions: CA?

Assumes behaviour is caused by internal processing in the middle box of the computer. E.g. CA explains our reasoning/ assumptions of our own behaviour using internal and external attributes.

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Assumptions however point?

However all approaches are similar as they are reductionist in their assumptions as they ignore other factors which may influence behaviour.

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Nature v Nurture: BA

Suggests behaviour is shaped by nurture and the environment rather than by nurture. E.g. BA sees aggression as shaped by learning by reinforcement and observation.

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Nature v Nurture: PA?

Suggests both nature and nurture interact in shaping behaviour. E.g. Freud's concept of the id is based on nature, however he also saw adult personality as based on ones experiences of early childhood (nurture).

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Nature v Nurture: BioA?

Suggests behaviour is shaped by nurture rather than nature. E.g. Selye defines stress as a set of biological responses to a stressor so research measures heart rate, immune system etc.

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Nature v Nurture: CA?

Suggests cognitive processing is shaped by nature and nurture. E.g. CA revealed that although perception is partly based on innate brain structures (nature), schemas develop through interaction with the environment (nurture).

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Determinism: BA?

Very deterministic. It sees behaviour as shaped by learning and by forces in environment over which the individual has no control. E.g. Bandura would see a child's aggression as determined by the observation of his parents' aggression towards him.

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Determinism: PA?

Very deterministic. Sees behaviour as shaped by unconscious forces over which the individual has no control. E.g. Freud believed adult behaviour such as being obsessively tidy was based on being harshly potty trained in the anal stage.

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Determinism: BioA?

Very deterministic. Sees behaviour as shaped by inborn physical factors over which the individual has no control. E.g. the Reimer twin study, 'Brenda' reverted to being Bruce as biological sex (SDN, testosterone) were more important than upbringing.

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Determinism: CA?

Very deterministic. Sees behaviour as shaped by internal mental processing and schemas over which the individual has no control. E.g. Bartlett's pps did not deliberately change the wording of the story, it changed due to their schemas.

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Determinism: however statement?

However the approaches are different in terms of determinism because they believe opposing factors control our behaviour.

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