Communication and Homeostasis

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Works to counteracts change and restores original state
Negative Feedback
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Animals that use external heat to warm their body temperature
Ectotherms
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Animals that can maintain an internal body temperature by negative feedback
Endotherms
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Part of the brain that detects body temperature
Hypothalamus
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A cell that can detect the change in external or internal environments and produce an action potential
Sensory Receptor
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Transmit nerve impulses from receptor to CNS
Sensory Neurone
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Transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector
Motor Neurone
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Short processes that transmit the impulse from neurone towards body cell
Dendrites
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Long process that transmits impulse from body cell to effector
Axon
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Cells that are found wrapped around the axon to insulate it
Schwann Cells
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Gaps between Schwann cells to which nerve impulses can 'jump' from
Nodes of Ranvier
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-70mV. The potential of the nerve cell when it is not conducting an impulse.
Resting Potential
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When Sodium ion channels open and some sodium ions diffuse in the cell
Depolarisation
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When the depolarisation is large enough to open voltage-gated channels
Threshold to fire
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Potassium ions diffuse out of the cell.
Repolarisation
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The resting potential is overshot slightly and reaches -80mv
Hyperpolarisation
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The time taken for the normal resting potential to be reached after an action potential has been fired.
Refractory period
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When action potentials jump between Schwann cells to speed up conduction
Saltatory Conduction
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A chemical that diffuses across the synaptic cleft to transmit a signal
Neurotransmitter
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A synape that uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter
Cholinergic
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The bulb shaped structure at the end of the presynaptic neurone
Synaptic Knob
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The enzyme found in the synaptic cleft that will hydrolyse Acetyl Choline
Acetylcholinesterase
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One product of the hydrolysis of acetyl chloine
Ethanoic acid
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The other product of the hydrolysis of acetyl choline
Choline
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The process where many low level signals are amplified at a synapse
Summation
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When the presynaptic neurone runs out of vesicles after repeated action potentials
Acclimatisation
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Signals released by the endocrine system. They can be proteins or steroids
Hormones
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Ductless glands that release hormones straight into the blood
Endocrine glands
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Glands with ducts
Exocrine glands
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The enzyme found on the inner surface of a cell membrane that is associated with the adrenaline receptor
Adenyl Cyclase
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Adenyl cyclase converts AMP into...
cAMP
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Small sections of the pancreas that have an endocrine function
Islets of Langerhan
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Cells that secrete glucagon
Alpha cells
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Cells that secrete insulin
Beta cells
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Animals that use external heat to warm their body temperature

Back

Ectotherms

Card 3

Front

Animals that can maintain an internal body temperature by negative feedback

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Part of the brain that detects body temperature

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

A cell that can detect the change in external or internal environments and produce an action potential

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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