Communication and cell signalling

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  • Created by: Steff06
  • Created on: 20-05-16 19:16
What is cell signalling?
Where cells communicate using signals.
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What is an example of cell signals?
Cytokines
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What must multicellular organisms be able to do?
Detect internal and external signals used to carry out processes in growth, development, movement and excretion.
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How do cells detect signals?
Using receptors on their cell surface to detect signals. These can be protein molecules.
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What are hormones known as?
Chemical messengers.
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Where are hormones produced and released?
Produced in specific tissues, released into organism.
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What is a target cell?
A cell with a receptor for the hormone molecule.
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How does the hormone cause the target cell to respond?
Hormone binds with receptor on cell surface membrane. Receptor and hormone have complementary shape.
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What is an example of a hormone receptor?
The insulin receptor.
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Describe how insulin works
Released from beta cells in islets of Langerhans in pancreas. Attaches to receptors to trigger response to lead to more glucose channels opening.
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What have medicinal drugs been developed to be?
Developed to be complementary to the shape of a type of receptor molecule.
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What are these medicinal drugs intended to do?
Block receptors
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What are Beta-blockers used for?
To prevent heart muscle from increasing heart rate to a dangerous level.
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How do viruses hijack receptors?
Viruses enter cells by binding with receptors on cell surface membrane that normally bind to host's signalling molecules.
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How can HIV which causes AIDS infect humans?
HIV enters cells of immune system with a complementary shape to receptors on cells e.g. helper T-lymphocytes.
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What can also bind with receptors?
Some poisons.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is an example of cell signals?

Back

Cytokines

Card 3

Front

What must multicellular organisms be able to do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How do cells detect signals?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are hormones known as?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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