Communicable diseases- mainly plants

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  • Created by: Om4r
  • Created on: 16-06-19 16:14
What is Transmission?
Travelling from one host to another
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What organisms cause disease?
Parasites, pathogens and bacteria
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What is Direct transmission?
Passing a pathogen from host (infected) to new host (uninfected) with transporter (vector)
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What is In direct transmission?
Passing a pathogen from host to new host via a vector
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What is a Vector?
An organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another
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What factors affect transmission of communicable diseases in animals?
Over crowded living conditions, socio-economic factors e.g lack of trained health workers, poor nutrition,
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How may direct transmission occur in animals?
Through kissing and bodily fluids, direct skin contact and microorganisms from faeces
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List 2 examples of vectors and what they transmit?
Mosquitoes= malaria and Dogs/foxes= rabies
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What are the 2 types of plant defences against pathogens?
Chemical and Physical
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List examples of Physical plant defences:
Cellulose cell wall, lignin, waxy cuticle, bark and stomatal closuer
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How does the Cellulose cell wall act as a physical plant defence?
Physical barrier, also containing a variety of chemical defences that can be activated when a pathogen is detected
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How does lignin act as a physical plant defence?
It thickens cell walls, is water proof and almost completely undigestable
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How do waxy cuticles act as a Physical plant defence?
They prevent water collecting on the cell surfaces, as pathogens collect in water and need water to survive the absence of water acts as a passive defence
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How does Bark act as a Physical plant defence?
Most bark contains a variety of chemical defences that work against pathogenic organisms
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How does Stomatal closure act as a Physical plant defence?
Stomata are possible entry points for pathogens. Stomatal aperture controlled by guard cells. When pathogenic organisms are detected, the guard cells will close the stomata in that part of the plant
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What is the Acronym for chemical plant defences?
PHATD
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What does PHATD stand for?
Phenols, Hydrolytic enzymes, Alkaloids, Terpenoids and Defensins
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How do Phenols act as a chemical barrier?
They have tannins which have antibacterial and antifungal properties. Tannins found in bark inhabit attack by insects, they bind to salivary proteins and digestive systems deactivating the enzymes
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How do Hydrolytic enzmes act as a chemical barrier?
They're found in spaces between cells. Include chitinases (which break down chitin found in fungal cell walls), Glucanases (which hyrdrolyse the glycosidic bonds in glucans and lysososmes
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How do Alkaloids act as a chemical barrier?
They're nitrogen containing compounds that give a bitter taste to inhibit herbivores feeding, such as caffeine , nicotine, cocaine and morphine
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What organisms cause disease?

Back

Parasites, pathogens and bacteria

Card 3

Front

What is Direct transmission?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is In direct transmission?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a Vector?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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