directing receivers towards one particular meaning from a range of possible meanings. A caption may anchor the meaning of a photgraph
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barrier
anything which interferes with the process of communication
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channel
a communication route or connection
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connotation
the meanings in a text that are revealed through the receiver's own personal and cultural experience
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convention
a rule of artistic practice
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decode
to convert an encoded message into a form that can be understood
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denotation
the specific, direct or obvious meaning of a sign rather than its associated meanings: those things directly referenced by a sign
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encode
to convert a message into a means capable of being transmitted
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form and context
these describe the essential relationship between the 'shape' of a text (how it's been made) and 'what's in it/what it's about)
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fuction
what a text, group of texts, or indeed communication itself, 'does' (inform, persuade, entertain, socialise etc)
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gatekeeper
someone who controls the selection of information to be offered to a given channel e.g. newspaper editors are significant gatekeepers, but we are all gatekeepers in an interpersonal sense, deciding as we do what we communicate & what we omit/holdback
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genre
this term describes the subdivisions of the output of a given medium. a genre is a type, a particular version of a communication medium e.g. soap opera is a tv genre, for it represents a particular approach to theme, style and form
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icon
a sign that works by its similarity to the thing it represents
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index
a type of sign that has a direct or casual relationship with its signified. The sign points to its signified. Smoke is an index of fire
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medium
the methods we use to communicate
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message
the meaning carried by an act of communication or text
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model
a graphic or verbal representation of communication processes or aspects of them: a diagrammatic representation of a communication issue
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noise source
the origin of any barrier to communication
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open and closed texts
Eco talked about two tendencies of texts: the tendency to be 'open' and allow/invite/encourage a wide range of different interpretations:the opposite tendency presents 'closed' text which can only be read in a limited number of ways: sometimes one
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process school
a school of thought in which communication is conceived as a process whereby information is transmitted
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reader
the active interpreter of a message
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reading: dominant-hegemonic
'intended' meaning or 'preferred' reading
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reading: negotiated
an interpretation of a text that identifies the dominant reading but also seeks to mediate this
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reading: oppositional
any reading that rejects or significantly 'quarrels' with the dominant reading and/or presents different/contrary meanings
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receiver
someone to whom a message is directed
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semiotics
the study of signs and how they communicate
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sender
the originator of communication
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sign
stands for or represents an object, idea or mental concept
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symbol
an arbitrary sign that works by the agreemnt among people as to what it represents
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text
this term is used to refer to anything which can be 'read' for meaning. In this sense, Shakespear's Hamlet, a bowler hat, a television advertisement and Buckingham Palace are all texts
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
anything which interferes with the process of communication
Back
barrier
Card 3
Front
a communication route or connection
Back
Card 4
Front
the meanings in a text that are revealed through the receiver's own personal and cultural experience
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