Collectivisation

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Define collectivisation
the socialist solution for agriculture, peasants would work on a collective farm controlled by the state via the Collective Farm Committee
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Why collectivise?
the best solution for farming efficiently on large units of land, would make it easier for state procurement of grain
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What were the 3 main type of collective farm?
Toz, sovkoz and kolkoz
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How was collectivisation carried out?
Propaganda, class warfare, the '25 thousanders'
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How did peasants resist collectivisation?
bitterly, they killed their livestock, burned crops, tools and houses rather than handing them over to the state, women revolts were very effective
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Why was collectivisation carried out so quickly?
the state was still finding it hard to get grain, the cities were hungry
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What were the cons of collective farming?
high levels of resistance, the kulaks were shot or deported, production was disrupted, 25-30% of livestock slaughtered, 1932-3 famine killed 10 million, increased resentment of the peasants
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what were the pros of collective farming?
state procured a larger percentage of the harvest, a higher surplus was achieved so grain export was higher which helped industry
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What were the political effects of collectivisation?
It increased the Party's control over the countryside, advanced the policy of socialism in one country called called for the party to tighten grip over USSR so reforms could be made
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What were the social effects of collectivisation?
The Kulaks suffered, thousands were executed this removed USSRs best farmers, led to major famine, farmers who had been resistant had their food supplies cut and grain confiscated
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How many farms had become collective by 1934?
70%
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What were the MTS stations and why were they useful?
Machine and Tractor Stations, gave farmers access to mechanical equipment in exchange for a share of their produce
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How did collectivisation help the FYPs?
provided a steady supply of food for the proletariat, food export increased so USSR could afford more machinery etc. and they required fewer peasants so many became urban workers
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why collectivise?

Back

the best solution for farming efficiently on large units of land, would make it easier for state procurement of grain

Card 3

Front

What were the 3 main type of collective farm?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How was collectivisation carried out?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How did peasants resist collectivisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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