Cold War: 2 - Developing Tensions up to 1948

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  • Created by: Madisonxo
  • Created on: 24-12-18 22:38
What did Stalin achieve by 1948 (in terms of Soviet security)?
Established buffer zone. Communist regimes had been established in Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and Czechoslovakia.
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How were communist regimes commonly put in place?
They formed alliances with left-wing political parties then took control of them. Opposition candidates were then intimidated and results were manipulated to ensure communist victory.
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How was communism imposed in Poland?
Poland had a peasant party weakened by communists who strengthened their links with Polish socialites. In Jan 1947 the two groups merged and communists became dominant. Deputy Prime Minister Gomulka (communist) replaced for disagreeing with Moscow.
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How was communism imposed in Romania?
Red Army already occupied Romania, opposition was minimal, communism was popular because it offered an alternative to the pre-war regime.
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How was communism imposed in Bulgaria?
Gradualism, manipulated elections + forced removal of opposition. By April 1947 all other political parties were banned.
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How was communism imposed in Hungary?
Communists allied with other political parties and took over by dominating opposition.
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How was communism imposed in Yugoslavia?
its first leader, Tito, was a committed Stalinist however, by 1948 it was clear that the Yugoslavs were refusing to be communist puppets and in June Yugoslavia was expelled from cominform - it only survived thanks to US economic aid.
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When was Kennan's Long Telegram + What was it?
22nd Feb 1946 - Shaped US policy towards USSR. Kennan emphasised that the USSR was hostile+ urged USA to adopt a proactive role in Europe. CONTAINMENT, NOT ISOLATIONSISM.
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When was the Iron Curtain Speech + What was it?
6th March 1946 - Churchill (not PM anymore) directly attacked Soviet policies, convinced Stalin that the USA was in a plot with the UK to carry out an anti-soviet ideological assault.
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How did Stalin respond to the Iron Curtain Speech?
10 days later - portrayed USSR as peacefully seeking EE allies to reinforce its security. Foreign minister Molotov accused the USA of being an imperialist power + the USSR abandoned the Declaration of Liberated Europe (Yalta).
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What was happening in Greece since the end of WW2?
When it was liberated a civil war erupted between Greek communists + monarchists.
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Implications of Greek Civil war?
Britain was supporting anti-communist forces up until Feb 1947 when it appealed to the US to assume the financial burden -> TRUMAN DOCTRINE
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When was the Truman Doctrine + What did it state?
March 1947 - Presented US as the protector against an enemy, make other countries economically + militarily dependent on US, first step in containment as the basis of US foreign policy + Marshall plan
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What was Cominform + When?
September 1947 - Soviet response to Truman Doctrine + Marshall plan. United + coordinated the role and actions of communist groups throughout Europe under the direction of Moscow.
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Card 2

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How were communist regimes commonly put in place?

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They formed alliances with left-wing political parties then took control of them. Opposition candidates were then intimidated and results were manipulated to ensure communist victory.

Card 3

Front

How was communism imposed in Poland?

Back

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Card 4

Front

How was communism imposed in Romania?

Back

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Card 5

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How was communism imposed in Bulgaria?

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