Cold War: 4 - Conflict Over Germany, 1947-49

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  • Created by: Madisonxo
  • Created on: 21-01-19 18:24
What was the ACC and what was its purpose?
Allied Control Council - the powers coordinated their actions through the ACC to enable economic and political unity in Germany.
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How were decisions made through the ACC and what did this do?
Decisions had to be unanimous, this enabled the powers to remain independent of each other.
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Which four groups did the Soviets allow to exist in Germany?
The KPD (communists), SPD (German social democrats), Liberals (LPD) and Christian Democrats (CDU).
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Why did the Soviets allow four groups in Germany?
The intention was that the communist KPD would emerge as the dominant group and this would form the nucelus of a whole-Germany communist movement.
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What was SMAD?
Soviet Military Administration of Germany.
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What did SMAD do to the SPD and KPD in 1946?
Feb 1946 - forcibly merged the parties to create the German Socialist Unity Party (SED) and there was signif. opposition from members of the SPD. COMMUNISTS GRADUALLY TOOK OVER OTHER LEFT-WING PARTIES.
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What did the opposition show regarding Soviet aims in Germany?
The aim to control German politics in any future united Germany had failed - the Soviets could control politics in the USSR but not on a national scale. The west increasingly viewed the Soviet regime as repressive and one of tyranny.
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What unilateral policies did the Soviets employ in Germany?
Unifying left wing parties, land reforms, nationalisation of large industrial production and compulsory tuition of Russian for Germany school pupils.
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Characteristics of the British zone?
Large population, major port such as Hamberg and the Ruhr industrial area were all in the British zone. The large population was costly to feed and increased Britain's dependency on the USA.
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What was the primary British fear in 1946?
The primary fear was that a revived Germany might cooperate with, or become dominated by, the USSR
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What is OMGUS and who was the first comander + deputy?
Office of Military Government, United States - General Eisenhower w/his deputy General Clay.
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By the Spring of 1947, what did Clay say 'no' to regarding joint occupation of Germany?
No to: the Soviet demand that the Ruhr be placed under joint control, the continued social and economic deprivation of the Germany population in the British+US zones, the Soviet desire to create a centralised Germany.
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What did the French want in the Ruhr and Germany as a whole?
Internalisation of the Ruhr, with a strong French influence on its administration. They wanted complete disarmament of Germany and they want Germany to become a number of small independent states.
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When was Bizonia created + what was it?
January 1947 - the US and GB zones joined together.
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When was the Moscow conference?
March + April 1947.
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How did the USSR generally view Bizonia?
Opposed it.
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When was the London Conference?
June 1948
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What was agreed at the London Conference?
West Germany was created, it was agreed that it would have a constitution and a new currency.
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When was the Berlin Blockade?
24th June 1948 - May 1949
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Why did the Berlin Blockade happen?
The West introduced the Deutsch Mark on 23rd June 1948 (day before the blockade).
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What was the Berlin Blockade?
The USSR blocked all road and rail access to the West zones and to West Berlin.
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What did the USSR aim to do with the Berlin Blockade?
The USSR aimed to prevent the creation of East and West Germany.
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What was the outcome of the blockade?
Success for the West, containment had worked.
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Who was the first elected leader of West Germany?
Konrad Audenauer.
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When were W. Germany and E. Germany created?
W Germany: June 1948. E. Germany: October 1949.
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What was NATO, when was it created, what for?
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. April 1949. NATO was created to reassure W Europe in the face of Soviet aggresssion.
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How did the USSR respond to NATO?
They argued that it was an aggressive organisation designed to pressurise states into complying w/the interests of the USA, GB + their allies. The USSR emphasised that it did not want to attack.
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Card 2

Front

How were decisions made through the ACC and what did this do?

Back

Decisions had to be unanimous, this enabled the powers to remain independent of each other.

Card 3

Front

Which four groups did the Soviets allow to exist in Germany?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why did the Soviets allow four groups in Germany?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was SMAD?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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