Cognitive therapy Theory

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What is critical for survival?
Information processing
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What is based on how we perceive and structure our experiences?
How we feel and behave
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What is a schema?
Fundamental beliefs and assumptions about self, others and goals, selection and perception of incoming information
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What can develop early in life?
Schemas
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What are schemas?
Adaptive and maladaptive (not adjusting adequetly
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What is psychological distress?
Evolutionary, biological, environmental and developmental factors all contribute to potential for psychological distress
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Because of our schemas, what?
We all have a set of unique cognitive vulunerabilities which predispose use to distress
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What is the schema process of a psychological disorder?
Dysfunctional schema --> systematic bias in information processing
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What is systematic bias?
Shift to rigid, absolutist thinking
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What is characterised by logical erroes?
Cognitive distortions
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What is magnification/minimisation?
Evaluating events as far as more or less important than they are
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What is arbitary inference?
Drawing conclusions without evidence
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What is dichotomous thinking?
Evaluating experiences as extremes
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What are selective abstraction?
Drawing conclusions based on only a selection of evidence
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What is personalisation?
Evaluating events as related to the self
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What is over-generalisation?
Drawing conclusions from a single event
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What are automatic thoughts?
Involuntary, recurring words or images that occur rapidly at the edge of awareness, similar to freuds preconscious and ellis 'self talk
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What reflects?
Schema content
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What are negative automatic thoughts?
Generally plausible but inrealistic; can become frequent and severe
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What is the systematic bias in 3 areas?
Negative information: the cognitive triad
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what are the cognitive triads?
Self --> world --> future
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As depression worsens what happens?
Depressive schema more activated increase in cognitive distortions
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How can anxiety be explained through normal mechanisms?
Deal with threat 'continuity hypothesis', systematic bias to threat/danger - related information
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What lab studies has taken place?
Attentional bias to threat faces in SAD
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What is the goal of therapy?
Correct faulty information processing
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What is symptom relief?
Remove systematic biases, modify fundamental beliefs and assumptions that predispose to future distress
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What do the therapists do?
Treat beliefs and automatic thoughts as testable hypotheses and learn to become own therapist
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What are the indepth intial session:
Functional and cognitive analysis
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What is the process?
Weekly 5-16 sessions, homework, rogerian therapeutic style
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What is the job of the pps?
Co-investigator
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When is the role of the therapist?
guide
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What is meant by cognitive interventions?
Replace distorted NATs and beliefs with more realistic information- processing
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What is meant by elicit and identify NATS?
Providing reasons, encourage engagement and self monitoring
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What is reality-test and correct NATs?
Socratic dialogues, decatastrophizing and decentring, forming adaptive resposnes
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What is identify and alter beliefs?
Socratic dialogues, hypothesis testing, re-fashioning beliefs
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What are behavioural interventions?
Rating mastery/pleasure, rehearsing behaviour, hypothesis-testing, assigning graded tasks
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What did DeRubeis et al suggest?
RCT: placebo vs antidepressant medication vs CT, CT as effective as Anti-depressant medication and more effective than placebo control
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What did Hollen et al do?
CT has enduring effect - protects against symptom return, CT patients learn something that reduces subsequent risk
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What did Kani et al find?
CBT for dental phobia, following an average of 5 CBT sessions - 79% patients had dental treatment without sedation
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What did Kendall et al do>
Coping cat CBT program, improvement in self and parent reported anziety scores
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What is a negative of CBT?
Some researchers question whether research findings in CBT generalise to real clinical practice
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What might occur?
Therapist drift may lead to decreased effectiveness
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is based on how we perceive and structure our experiences?

Back

How we feel and behave

Card 3

Front

What is a schema?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What can develop early in life?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are schemas?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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