Cognitive neuropsychology of memory and perception

?
What is episodic memory?
memory for specific events
1 of 32
What is semantic memory?
Memory for facts
2 of 32
What is working memory?
Short term rehearsal
3 of 32
What is procedural memory?
Motor memory
4 of 32
What is anterograde amnesia?
Poor ability to acquire new information
5 of 32
What happens to information acquired before damage?
Relatively spared further back in time
6 of 32
What happens to information in the working memory?
it is spared
7 of 32
What memory is impaired?
Episodic memory for events and semantic memory for facts
8 of 32
What is preserved?
Perceptual memory (familiarity for stimuli and procedural memory (motor skills and habits)
9 of 32
What is the brain basis for anterograde memory?
Hippocampus and related structures in the medial temporal lobe
10 of 32
What is the first cause of anterograde memory?
Korsakoff's syndrome --> Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency
11 of 32
How is a thiamine deficiency caused?
Due to alcoholism: Poor diet and impaired absorbtion of thiamine from intestine, produces bilateral degeneration of mamilarly bodies
12 of 32
What happens in a temporal lobectomy?
Patients who had intractable seizures, bilateral removal of the temporal lobes
13 of 32
What happened to Patient HM?
Major seizure since 16, drugs failed to contain seizures so had surgical removal of anterior hippocampal regions
14 of 32
What did the surgery lead to?
No affected IQ or personality, but there were deficits in specifics to the formation of new memories
15 of 32
What could HM not recall?
reported Date and age as prior to the operation, could not remember events or people met since the operation, could not learn location of new home, hippocampus important in spatial learning
16 of 32
What happened to the sematic memory?
incompletely disrupted, language was frozen in the 50s
17 of 32
What happened to his working memory/
repeat a sequence, rte of forgetting in moral range, cant hold a conversation but forget ever holding it
18 of 32
What happened to HM's procedural memory?
can learn a new motor task, normal improvement on mirror tracing task
19 of 32
What is retrograde amnesia?
prior to lesion, loss of memory and access to events that occured before an injury
20 of 32
HOw did Hm have temporary retrograde amnesia?
old childhood memories were okay, memories immediately before lesion lost, forget death of favourite uncle in 1950s
21 of 32
What does studying HM suggest about the hippocampus?
It does not store memories, old memories are preserved
22 of 32
What is the role of the hippocampus?
not completely understood, consolidation of new memories which are stored else where
23 of 32
How do they test retrograde amnesia?
HM photos of celebrities suggest retrograde amnesia spans decades with more distant memories relativelypreserved
24 of 32
What is dissassociation?
some tasks are impaired and others are spared, these tasks use different resources
25 of 32
For example?
SEmantic dimentia patients:impaired semantic, spared episodic
26 of 32
What is a problem?
If one task is more difficult, it will always fail first
27 of 32
For example?
one patient group: Task A: spared, Task B impaired
28 of 32
What happened to the other group?
TASK A: impaired, TASK B: spared
29 of 32
For example?
SEmantic dimentia and HM
30 of 32
What does it suggest?
tasks rely to some extent on different brain structures
31 of 32
However what is the issue?
Even double dissociations are rarely perfect (HM seantic memory is relatively spared)
32 of 32

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is semantic memory?

Back

Memory for facts

Card 3

Front

What is working memory?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is procedural memory?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is anterograde amnesia?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Memory and perception resources »