What was the background to Grant's study into context -dependent memory?
Research has shown that context-dependence play an important role in numerous situations, such as memory for studied material. Observations have shown that students tend to study in environments that differ to test environments.
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What was the aim of Grant's study?
The aim of the study was to show that environmental context can have a positive effect on performance in a meaningful test when the test takes place in the same environment that the information was studied in.
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What was the research method of Grants Study?
Laboratory and snapshot experiment. Independent measures design.
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What were the independent variables?
Whether the participant studies in the silent or noisy condition, then whether the test conditions were matching or mismatching.
Participants performance on Short answer questions and multiple choice questions. SA were before MCQs
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Who were the sample in Grant's study?
8 psychology students acted as the experimenters, all had to recruit 5 acquaintances= opportunity sampling. 8 groups of 5. 40 ps, 17 males 23 females
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What did the experimenter provide?
Their own cassette player and headphones for the participants to listen to.
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What were the tapes of?
All 8 cassettes were exact copies that were made from a master tape which was a background noise recorded at lunch in a university cafeteria. The tape was played at a moderately loud level?
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Procedure- what was the study material? What was the testing material?
A 2 paged 3 columned article of psycho-immunology. The test was made up of 16 MCQS and 0 short answer questions. The order of questions appeared in the order the information appeared in the text.
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Procedure-what were the ps told they could do?
The experimenter read out the instructions, the ps were given the article and told they were allowed to highlight parts of the test.
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Procedure-Who recorded the reading times?
The experimenter
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Procedure- What was a control of the study?
All of the participants wore headphones even if they were in the silent conditions.
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Procedure- How long break did they get between finishing reading at the start of the test?
2 minutes
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What happened at the end of the study? How long did the study last for?
The ps were debriefed. Lasted for about 30 minutes.
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Results of the Silent/ Silent condition?
The average mark for the SA out of 10= 6.7. MCQs= 14.3/16
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Results of Silent/Noisy Condition?
SA=4.6/10. MCQs=12.7/16
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Results if Noisy/silent condition?
SA= 5.4/10. MCQs 12.7/ 16
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Results for Noisy/ Noisy condition?
SA= 6.2/10. MCQs=14.3/16
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What did the results show?
People did the best in the matching conditions and showed that studying and testing in the same environment produces better results. There was no effect of noise on performance.
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What were the conclusions of the study?
Studying and testing in the same environments leads produces better results. Students are likely to do better in exams if there is a minimum level of noise when studying.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What was the aim of Grant's study?
Back
The aim of the study was to show that environmental context can have a positive effect on performance in a meaningful test when the test takes place in the same environment that the information was studied in.
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