Cognition & Emotion

Define emotion

Usually a brief but intense experience

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Define mood

A more prolonged but low intensity experience

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What is the James-Lange Theory of Emotions?

Emotions result from physiological responses

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What are visceral responses?

Behavioural responses that involve our large internal organs which create the physiological response that we interpret emotions with.

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What are the empirical criticisms for the James-Lange Theory of Emotions?

Emotional & non-emotional states can both be associated with the same physiological changes for example going for a run creates nausea, no cause & effect, visceral changes can't reflect emotional changes as they are too slow, those with spinal cord injuri

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What is the mere exposure effect?

Zajonc - stimuli: words/non-words presented subliminally, test: 'old' stimuli presented along with new ones, results: participants preferred those previously presented.

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What is the appraised theory?

Lazarus (1982, 1999), argued that cognition precedes emotion, appraisal=the cognition processes involved in emotion elicitation, primary appraisal=assess environment, secondary appraisal=coping resources.

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Describe Beck's schema theory

Schemas influence most cognitive processes, he proposed that vulnerability to depression/anxiety linked to formation of schemas early in life. Negative self-schemas formed often in childhood, hypervalent when an individual is depressed, dysfunctional cogn

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What are semantic networks?

Bewer (1981) - If you activate one node associated nodes will be activated, once this activation is above a certain threshold we are conscious of this emotional state. This theory is testable.

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What tasks are commonly used to assess attention?

The emotional stroop task - GAD patients slower to name the colour of threat-related words.

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What are the criticisms of the Emotional Stroop Task?

Participants could just be trying to avoid threat-related words, can't tell if it's a measure of excessive attention/avoidance of stimuli.

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Describe the Visual Dot Probe Task

Present 2 stimuli, assess degree to which participants attend to each type, fixation point presented on middle of screen, words/picture pairs are presented, then a tiny dot replaces each of these items, they have to respond as quickly as possible when the

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What did Matthew & Mclead find about depression & attentional bias?

Better recall of negative than positive material. Mclead (1986) also found that clinically anxious individuals had faster reaction times to threat-related words.

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Cognition & Emotion

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