Coasts Key Terms 3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? GeographyCoastal zonesGCSEAQA Created by: Hannah TurnerCreated on: 01-05-13 19:58 Fetch The distance over which the wave has travelled 1 of 25 Prevailing wind The most frequent wind direction 2 of 25 Swash / Backwash The wave travelling up the beach / The wave travelling back down the beach 3 of 25 Abrasion Wave picks up large amounts of sand and rocks. they are thrown at the rock face blasting pieces off the cliff 4 of 25 Hydraulic pressure The force of the waves hitting the cliff so bits of rock break off. Air is forced into the cracks which blasts away fragments of rock 5 of 25 Corrosion Sea water is very corrosive and can slowly dissolve chalk and limestone. Sea crystals are formed as salt water evaporates 6 of 25 Attrition When pebbles and rocks in the wave bash together and become rounder. 7 of 25 Sub-aerial processes Processes active on the face and top of cliffs. 8 of 25 Unconsolidated cliff A cliff made of pieces of rock e.g boulder clay. 9 of 25 Longshore drift The movement of sand and pebbles along the beach in waves. 10 of 25 Shoreline management plan Managing the shoreline. 11 of 25 Hard engineering Using concrete to make barriers. 12 of 25 Soft engineering Using rocks and pebbles to make barriers. 13 of 25 Managed retreat Letting sea water break and the land becomes a salt marsh. 14 of 25 Gabion Mesh cages filled with lots of small rocks and pebbles. 15 of 25 Rip-Rap Lots of large rocks put infront of cliffs. 16 of 25 Groyne Wooden or concrete construction build along the beach going out to sea. 17 of 25 Revetment Slanted wooden structures with holes in to slow down waves. 18 of 25 Cliff regrading Change the angle of this cliff. 19 of 25 Joint Where parts of different rock join together and can turn into cracks. 20 of 25 Headland Part of the cliff that is made of harder rock and surrounded by softer rock that hasn't been eroded as quickly. 21 of 25 Bay An area of land that is protected by a headland either side. 22 of 25 Wetting/drying When it rains the rock absorbs water and expands and contracts when it drys. This causes the cliff to weaken and parts to break off. 23 of 25 Constructive wave Happen in the summer. The swash is stronger than the backwash and so they deposit sediment. 24 of 25 Destructive wave Happen in winter. The backwash is stronger than the swash and so drag material away from the beach. 25 of 25
Case Study 13: A case study of the steel industry. The reasons for changing locations and the social, economic impacts of change 0.0 / 5
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