Coasts revision summary questions

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What is mechanical weathering?
weathering without changing the chemical composition of a rock
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Describe the process of chemical weathering
breakdown of rock by changing it chemical composition e.g. carbonation is where co2 in rainwater reacts with rock that contains calcium carbonate
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How do waves erode the coast by hydraulic action?
waves crash into rocks and compresses air and water in the cracks. this puts pressure on the rocks and caused the cracks to expand and make bits of rock break up
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What waves are associated with coastal erosion?
destructive waves
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describe how a wave cut platform is formed?
erosion at the foot of a cliff creates a wave cut notch. the rock above the wave cut notch eventually becomes so unstable due to erosion and weathering that it collapses and is washed away forming a wave cut platform
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Give and example of one type of mass movement (in cliffs)
sliding- material shift in a straight line
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Are headlands made of more or less resistant rock?
more
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describe how erosion can turn a crack in a cliff into a cave
waves crash into the cliffs and enlarge the cracks by hydraulic action and corrosion. repeated erosion and enlargement causes the cracks to form a cave
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Explain how a stack is formed
when the rock supporting a natural arch becomes unstable by weathering, it collapses leaving one side of the arch separated from the rest of the cliff in the sea- a stack
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What is a cove?
a wide circular bay with a narrow entrance
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By what process is material transported along coasts?
Longshore drift
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What is deposition?
when material being transported by sea water is dropped
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what waves are associated with coastal deposition?
constructive waves
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where is a beach formed on a coast?
between the high water mark and the low water mark
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Why is a sand beach wider and flatter than a shingle beach?
because sand particles are smaller so weak backwash can move them back down the beach creating a gentle slope but it can't move shingle particles
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What is a bar?
a bar is formed when two headlands join together by a spit
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Where do spits form?
at sharp bends in the coastline where longshore drift happens
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Wh can't cracks, caves and arches be seen on a map?
because there is rock above them
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how are cliffs shown on maps?
by little black lines
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on maps, what do speckles on top of yellow shading tell you?
that it is a shingle beach
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give two economic impacts of coastal erosion and flooding
businesses can be damaged and destroyed or loss of tourism
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give two social impacts of coastal flooding and erosion
deaths and homelessnes
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describe the difference between hard and soft engineering schemes?
hard engineering are man made structures that try to controltvhe flow of the sea to reduce erosion and flooding but soft engineering is using the knowledge of the sea to set up schemes to reduce impacts of flooding and erosion
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explain a disadvantage of using groynes as a coastal defence
they starve beaches further down the coast of sand which increases erosion and flooding there
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name 2 soft engineering schemes and their benefits
1. beach replenishment- creates wider beaches to slow waves to reduce erosion. 2. managed retreat- over time the land can become marshland and create new habitats
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the process of chemical weathering

Back

breakdown of rock by changing it chemical composition e.g. carbonation is where co2 in rainwater reacts with rock that contains calcium carbonate

Card 3

Front

How do waves erode the coast by hydraulic action?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What waves are associated with coastal erosion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

describe how a wave cut platform is formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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