man made structures built to control the flow of the sea and reduce flooding and erosion
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What is soft engineering?
schemes set up using knowledge of the sea and its processes to reduce the effects of flooding and erosion
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What is a sea wall?
A wall made out of a hard material like concrete that reflects waves back into the sea
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Give 2 advantages?
1-it prevents erosion of the coast 2-it also acts as a barrier to prevent flooding
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Give 2 disadvantages?
1-It creates a strong backwash, which erodes under the wall 2-sea walls are expensive to build and maintain
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What is rock armour?
Boulders that are piled up along the coast
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Give two advantages?
1-the boulders absorb wave energy and also reduce erosion and flooding 2-Its fairly cheap defence
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Give an disadvantage?
Boulders can be moved around by strong waves so they need to be replaced
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What are groynes?
wooden or stone fences that are built right angles to the coast. They trap material transported by long shore drift
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Give 2 advantages?
1-groynes create wider beaches which slow the waves. This gives greater protection from flooding and erosion 2-cheap defence
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Give 2 disadvantages?
1-They starve beaches further down the coast of sand making them narrower 2-Narrower beaches don't protect the coast as well , leading to greater erosion and floods
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What is beach nourishment?
sand and shingle from elsewhere thats added to beacches
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Give a benifit?
1-Beach nourishment creates wider beaches which slow waves. This gives greater protecton
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Give 3 disadvantages?
1-Taking material from seabeds kill organisms like sponges and corals 2-expensive 3-has to be repeated
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What is dune regeneration?
Creating or restoring sand dunes by either nourishment or by planting vegetation to stabilise the sand
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Give 3 advantages?
1-sand dunes provide a barrier between the land and sea 2-wave energy is absorbed which prevents flooding and erosion 3-stabilisation is cheap
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Give 2 disadvantages?
1-protection is limited to small area 2-nourishment is very expensive
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What is marsh creation?
Planting vegetation in mudflats along the coast
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Give two advantages ?
1-The vegetation stabilises the mudflats and helps reduce the speed of waves 2-new habitats for organisms
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Give two disadvantages?
1-marsh creation isnt ' useful where erosion rates are high because the marsh can't establish itself 2-expensive
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What is managed retreat?
Removing an existent defence and allowing the land behind it to flood
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Give 3 advantages?
1-over time the land will become marshland creating new habitats 2-flooding and erosion are reduced behind the marshland 3-cheap
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Give 2 disadvantages?
1- People may disagree that land is allowed o be flooded
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is soft engineering?
Back
schemes set up using knowledge of the sea and its processes to reduce the effects of flooding and erosion
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