Coastal Management

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  • Created by: Om4r
  • Created on: 20-04-19 14:46
What is a stakeholder?
Anyone with an interest in the outcome of the management of an area
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Why might a coastline be managed?
To reduce effects of erosion and flooding preventing unwanted deposition and to protect people and their property or historical landmarks
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Who makes decisions on defending the coast?
Local Councils, Environmental Agency, English Nature and the Nature Trust
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What is the Shoreline managment plan?
In place for all 11 sediment cells in the UK and the subsections, it identifies the natural processes, human activities and management decisions
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Who makes the overall decisions for what will receive funding?
DEFRA
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What are the 4 options considered for each stretch of Coastline?
1- Do nothing , only monitor the situation for safety, let nature take its course 2-Retreat, set up a line of defence further inland 3- Hold the line by maintaining current defence 4- Advance the line, build forward e.g. beach nourishment and groynes
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What is Hard Engineering?
A defence mechanism that works to reflect wave energy stopping the erosion on the stretch of coast
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What is Soft Engineering?
A defence mechanism that aims to work with natural processes to protect coastlines, it doesn't deflect wave energy but slows down coastal erosion
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What are the 5 types of Hard Engineering?
Groynes, Revetments, Sea walls, Rip-rap (rock armour) and offshore Breakwater
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What are Groynes?
Timber or rock structures built at right angles to the coast. They trap sediment being moved along the coast by LSD-Building up the beach
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What are Sea Walls?
Stone or Concrete walls at the foot of a cliff or at the top of a beach. They usually have a curved face to reflect waves back into the sea
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What is Rock armour (Rip-Rap)?
Large rocks placed at the foot of a cliff or the top of a beach. Forms a permeable barrier to the sea, breaking up the waves but allowing some water through
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What are Revetments?
Sloping wooden, concrete or rock structures placed at the foot of a cliff or top of the beach. They break up the waves energy
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What is an offshore Breakwater?
A partly submerged rock barrier, designed to break up the waves before they reach the coast
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What are the Advantages of Groynes?
Not too expensive, works with the natural processes to build up the beach which increases tourists potential and protects land behind it
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What are the Disadvantages of Groynes?
They deprive beaches further along the coast of fresh sediment as it disrupts LSD, often leading to increased erosion elsewhere. Unnatural and can be unattractive
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What are the Advantages of Sea Walls?
Effective prevention of erosion, often have a promenade for people to walk along
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What are the Disadvantages of Sea Walls?
They reflect wave energy rather than absorbing it. They can be intrusive and unnatural looking. Very Expensive to build and maintain
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What are the Advantages of Rock Armour?
They are relatively cheap and easy to construct. Can be used for recreation, fishing and sunbathing
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What are the Disadvantages of Rock Armour?
Can be very intrusive, rocks aren't usually local so might look out of place with local geology. They can be dangerous for people clambering over them
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What are the Advantages of Revetments?
They are relatively inexpensive to build
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What are the Disadvantages with Revetments?
Intrusive and very unnatural looking. They can need high levels of maintenance
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What are the Advantages of an Offshore Breakwater?
An effective permeable barrier
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What are the Disadvantages of an Offshore Breakwater?
Visually unappealing and a potential navigation hazard
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What are the 4 types of Soft-Engineering?
Beach nourishment, Cliff regarding and Drainage, Dune Stabilisation and Marsh Creation
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What is Beach Nourishment?
The addition of sand or pebbles to an existing beach to make it higher or wider. The sediment is usually dredged from the nearby seabed
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What is Cliff regarding and Drainage?
Cliff regarding reduces the angle of the cliff to help stabilise it. Drainage removes water to prevent landslide and slumping
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What is Dune Stabilisation?
Planting Marram Grass to stabilise the Dunes. Areas may be fenced in to keep people off newly planted dunes
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What is Marsh Creation?
Form of managed retreat, by allowing coastal areas to be flooded by the sea. The land then becomes a salt marsh
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What are the Advantages of Beach Nourishment?
It's relatively cheap and easy to maintain. It looks natural and blends in with the existing beach. It increases tourist potential by creating a bigger beach
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What are the Disadvantages of Beach Nourishment?
It needs constant maintenance because of the natural processes of erosion and LSD
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What are the Advantages of Cliff regarding and Drainage?
Can be effective on clay or rock where other methods won't work. Drainage is cost effective
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What are the Disadvantages of Cliff regarding and Drainage?
Regarding effectively causes the cliff to retreat. Drained cliffs can dry out and collapse (rock falls)
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What are the Advantages of Dune stabilisation?
Maintains a natural coastal environment. Provides important wildlife habitats. Relatively cheap and sustainable
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What are the Disadvantages of Dune Stabilisation?
Time consuming to plant Marram Grass. People may respond negatively to being kept off certain areas
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What are the Advantages of Marsh Creation?
It's relatively cheap. Creates a natural buffer to powerful waves. Creates an important Wildlife Habitat
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What are the Disadvantages of Marsh Creation?
Agricultural land is lost. Farmers or landowners need to be compensated
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What is the Integrated Coastal Zone Management?
The process that brings together all those involved in the development, management and use of the coast
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What is the Aim of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management?
To establish sustainable levels of economic and social activity , resolve environmental ,social and economic challenges and conflicts and protect the coastal environment
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Why is the ICZM strategy beneficial?
Complete sections of the coast are now being managed as a whole, rather than individual towns or villages. As human actions in one place affect another part of the coast, the problem can be solved not shifted
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why might a coastline be managed?

Back

To reduce effects of erosion and flooding preventing unwanted deposition and to protect people and their property or historical landmarks

Card 3

Front

Who makes decisions on defending the coast?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the Shoreline managment plan?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who makes the overall decisions for what will receive funding?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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