Coasta 0.0 / 5 ? GeographyCoastal zonesGCSEEdexcel Created by: LauraCreated on: 30-04-13 21:42 what is a coast? where the sea, land and atmosphere meet 1 of 37 what processes shape coasts? erosion, transportation and deposition 2 of 37 Which forces are responsible? waves, tides and currents 3 of 37 how are waves formed? when the wind blows over the surface of the sea 4 of 37 what does wave size depend on? strength of the wind, duration of the wind and the fetch 5 of 37 what size waves contain the most energy? big ones 6 of 37 fetch the distance the wind has traveled over sea before reaching the coast 7 of 37 how is a wave formed? friction with the sea bed slows movement at the circular base of the movement of water making the steepness increase 8 of 37 swash going onto the beach 9 of 37 backwash going back into the sea 10 of 37 hydraulic action the pressure of a wave hitting a cliff traps and compresses air into joints and cracks, weakening the rock and breaking it 11 of 37 abrasion waves hurl rocks against the cliff and swirl sand backward and forward wearing the rock away 12 of 37 attrition rocks and sand rub together making them more rounded 13 of 37 corrosion (solution) salt water corrodes minerals causing the rocks to break up 14 of 37 what are some hard rocks? granite, chalk, limestone 15 of 37 what are some soft rocks? clay, sand 16 of 37 wave cut platform a gently sloping rock surface exposed at low tide 17 of 37 wave cut notch the sea erodes through the bottom of a cliff and the weight makes it collapse 18 of 37 cave eroded along a major joint in a rock 19 of 37 arch eroded through the cliff headland at a joint 20 of 37 stack when an arch collapses it leaves an isolated stack 21 of 37 stump stacks erode into stumps 22 of 37 what do waves transport? things that have been eroded from the cliffs and things that have come to the sea in the rivers 23 of 37 what are things transported up and down the beach by? swash and backwash 24 of 37 what are things transported along the beach by? longshore drift 25 of 37 beaches formed from sand and shingle -created by deposition in a bay 26 of 37 spits sand and shingle is left where the land changes position at the mouth of a river 27 of 37 tombolos a ridge that connects the main land to an island 28 of 37 bars a ridge across a bay 29 of 37 Coastal defense options .do nothing .prevent development at vulnerable sites .defend coast further inland and let it erode .build defenses 30 of 37 groynes walls from wood or concrete built at right angles across the beach 31 of 37 seawall concrete wall -most expensive 32 of 37 rock armor wall of rocks 33 of 37 gabions wire baskets filled with rocks -cheap 34 of 37 revetment low sloping walls or steps at the top of a beach 35 of 37 embankment earth bank dug from nearby and covered in grass 36 of 37 beach nourishment beach made higher and wider by adding extra sand 37 of 37
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