Clostridia

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  • Created by: Sasha
  • Created on: 30-04-13 12:06
Clostridium Bacteria
Anaerobic, Spore forming Bacilli. Primarily inhabit the intestines. Produce a variety of enzymes and exotoxins. Important Clostridia species: C. perfringens, C. botulinum, C. tetani.
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Clostridium perfringens
Five types A-E recognised based on their toxin production. Responsible for enterotoxaemias. C. perfringens can also cause wound contamination and lead to histotoxic infections of muscle which has been damaged.
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C. perfringens: Type A
Food poisoning in humans, Enteritis in pigs and chickens.
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C. perfringens: Type B
Lamb Dysentery (enterotoxaemia) - mainly B toxin (E toxin) Common in hill farms in Scotland, N. England and Wales. Can be fatal.
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C. perfringens: Type C
Struck (enterotoxaemia) in Sheep. Mainly B toxin. Often young ewes overeating in spring. Necrotic Enteritis in lambs and piglets.
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C. perfringens: Type D
Pulpy kidney in sheep. Common in UK. Mainly epsilon toxin. Affects CNS and kidney. Often when going from a poor diet to a rich diet.
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C. perfringens: Type E
Necrotic enteritis of calves in Australia.Mainly Iota toxin.
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Other specific diseases due to Clostridium (C. chauvoei)
Black leg. Spores deposited in muscle and liver of cattle and ruminants. Spores can be activated by muscle trauma.
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Other specific diseases due to Clostridium (C. septicum)
Braxy - invasion of abomasum in sheep. Oedematous wound infections in other species.
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Other specific diseases due to Clostridium (C. novyi)
Big Head in Rams - histotoxic wound infection. Black Disease - often follows Liver fluke infestation. Spores germinate in the liver and produce toxins = necrosis.
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Other specific diseases due to Clostridium (C. haemolyticum)
Bacillary haemoglobinuria of cattle and sheep - Produces Beta toxin which is lethal and haemolytic, causes intravascular haemolysis. Haemoglobin in the urine.
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Clostridium botulinum
Botulism is caused by ingestion of a potent neurotoxin, one of the most toxic substances known.
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Importance of Botulism
Severe human disease - preventable by careful heat treatment and canning procedures in food. Spores of Botulinum need to be killed. The disease is seen in animals when food contaminated with rotting carcass.
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Botox Mechanism
Blocks the release of acetylcholine at the synapse and NMJ. This causes flacid paralysis and death. Anti-toxins can be used on free toxin only, toxoid can be used as a vaccine.
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Clostridium tetani
Found in soil and faeces of horses (& other animals). Round terminal spores that give a drumstick appearance. Causes tetanus.
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Clostridium tetani 2
It is not tissue invasive, but grows superficially in deep anaerobic wounds. Tetanus is difficult to treat, but prevention is simple. Toxoid can be used to generate immunity in all species.
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Tetanus Mechanism
Produces tetanospasmin (during the lysis of the bacteria), it is a neurotoxin. It acts by blocking the release of NT from the inhibitory synapse, causing uncontrolled synaptic activity (paralysis by constant tensing of muscles - tetani)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Five types A-E recognised based on their toxin production. Responsible for enterotoxaemias. C. perfringens can also cause wound contamination and lead to histotoxic infections of muscle which has been damaged.

Back

Clostridium perfringens

Card 3

Front

Food poisoning in humans, Enteritis in pigs and chickens.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Lamb Dysentery (enterotoxaemia) - mainly B toxin (E toxin) Common in hill farms in Scotland, N. England and Wales. Can be fatal.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Struck (enterotoxaemia) in Sheep. Mainly B toxin. Often young ewes overeating in spring. Necrotic Enteritis in lambs and piglets.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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