weather recording, ice cores and rocks and fossils
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How has our climate changed?
Global temperatures have increased due to global warming. changing rainfall pattern. lengths of seasons
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Why has our climate changed?
Variation in the suns energy. volcanic activity. Humans putting gases into the atomosphere.
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Population icrease
many people are moving to cities and the cities become over populated. However cities are located near the coats and the population is under threat of flooding.
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Erosion
Attrition, hydraulic action, solution and abrasion
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Transport
Supsension, solution, saltation and traction
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Confluence, tributary and channel
The confluence is where two rivers meet. The tributary is where a small river or stream gains a longer river. A channel is where the river flows
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Waterfalls
Waterfalls consist of soft rock and hard rock. A process called erosions wears away the soft rock leaving the hard rock to over hang. Due to there not being anything there to hold the hard rock up gravity acts on it and cauases it to drop off.
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Meander
River with bends. They never flow in a straight line as they natrualy flow in a swirl pattern with the outside bend havinf the fastest flow
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Oxbow lake
Due to deposition the neck of the meander becomes narrow and cuts the meander making it an oxbow lake
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Upper course features of a river
v-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, rapids, waterfalls and gorges
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Middle course features of a river
wide and shallow valleys, meanders and oxbow lakes
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Lower course features of a river
flood panes and delta
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Flood management
Afforestation- trees are planted to absorb/**** up the excess water from the ground
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Hard management
Artificial structures to reduce the risk of flooding. for example a multi purpose lake
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Hydrographs
Shows the maxium rainfall, discharge of a river, the base line flow and the maximum peak discharge or a river
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CASE STUDY- BOSCASTLE,UK
Over 60 mm of rain, ground became fertile which is good for crops/agriculture. drainage basin have steep slopes which means rapid run off
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Effects of Boscastle
Homes, cars, business swept away, income from toursim lost, no lives lost due to rapid emergency services
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Hard engineering- More expensive but greater impact
Dam construction- controls discharge, built along the course of the river. water is controllably released but its expensive
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Soft management-ecologically sensitive
Afforestation
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Reduce the risk of flooding
build coastal shelters, build houses on stilts, early warning systems
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Deposition
When seas or rivers loose energy they drop everything they are carrying.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How has our climate changed?
Back
Global temperatures have increased due to global warming. changing rainfall pattern. lengths of seasons
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