Classifying traits

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Internal-consistency reliability
The extent to which the items of a measure are correlated with each othe
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Inter-rater reliability
The degree of agreement between the scores of different raters/observer
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Test-retest reliability
The degree of consistency between scores across different measurement occasions
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Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure
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Content validity
The extent to which a measure assess all relevant features of the construct, and does not assess irrelevant features
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Construct validity
The measure assess the same construct that it is intended to asses
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Convergent validity:
correspondence with measures assessing similar (positive relations) or opposite (negative relations) characteristics
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Discriminant validity:
correspondence with measures assessing characteristics unrelated to the one the scale is intended to measure
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Criterion validity
Relations with relevant outcome variables; also called predictive validity
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catell lexical approach
First factor analysis of 35 traits 12 traits found + 4 added later =16PF (1949)
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alport & odvert 1936 lexical approach
), in English 18,000 English words Traits: approx. 4,500 States: approx. 4,500 Evaluations (good/bad): approx. 5,200 Miscellaneous : approx. 3,600
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Factor analysis - explanatory fa
Data reduction technique: aims to determine the number and nature of factors that explain a pattern of correlations between large numbers of variables (Generates hypotheses
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fActory analsysis - cofirmatory Fa
statistical technique for model testing - test hypothesis
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hans j. eyseneck = two superfactors
Extraversion-Introversion Neuroticism-Stability
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Later Theory = Three Superfactors (“Big Three
Psychoticism Extraversion-Introversion Neuroticism-Stability
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hierarchical organisation of personality superior level - extraversion ---whats at the trait level /SIALE
sociability, impulsiveness, activity, liveliness, excitibility
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big five model of personality....OCEAN
Neuroticism (N) Extraversion (E) Openness (O) Agreeableness (A) Conscientiousness (C)
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what is neurotiscism
individuals prone to ... psychological distress unrealistic ideas excessive cravings
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What is extraversion
... interpersonal interaction activity level need for stimulation capacity for joy
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what is openess
.. proactive seeking and appreciation of experience/ exploration of the unfamiliar
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What is agreeableness
interpersonal orientation along a continuum from compassion to antagonism in ... thoughts feelings actions
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What is Conscientiousness
degree of organisation persistence motivation in goal-directed behaviour
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Big five integration of catells 16pf - Neuroticism
Anxienty Emotional stability
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Extraversion
social assertiveness - introversion
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Openness
Openmindedness - intellect
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Agreeableness
warmth - Aggressiveness
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Conscientiousness
Dutifuless - perfectionism
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Perfectionism - Hewitt & Flett (1991) - 3 forms
Self-Oriented Perfectionism Other-Oriented Perfectionism Socially Prescribed Perfectionism
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Costa & McCrae
Neo -Five factor scales
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NEO-PI-R Facets of Neuroticism
N1: Anxiety N2: Angry Hostility N3: Depression N4: Self-Consciousness N5: Impulsiveness N6: Vulnerability
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NEO-Pi-R facets of Extraversion
E1: Warmth E2: Gregariousness E3: Assertiveness E4: Activity E5: Excitement Seeking E6: Positive Emotions
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NEO-Pi-R facets of Openness
O1: Fantasy O2: Aesthetics O3: Feelings O4: Actions O5: Ideas O6: Values
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NEO-PI-R Facets: of Agreeableness
A1: Trust A2: Straightforwardness A3: Altruism A4: Compliance A5: Modesty A6: Tender-Mindedness
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NEO-PI-R Facets of Conscientiousness
C1: Competence C2: Order C3: Dutifulness C4: Achievement Striving C5: Self-Discipline C6: Deliberation
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HEXACO mdoel
Humility /Emotionality/ Extraversion /Agreeableness /Conscientiousness /Openness
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additional factors of HEXACO-PI-R
/Sincerity /Fairness /Greed avoidance/ Modesty
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Perfectionism -Hewitt & Flett 1991
Three different forms of perfectionism: /Self-Oriented Perfectionism /Other-Oriented Perfectionism/ Socially Prescribed Perfectionism
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Big fice Neuroticism
Anxienty-Angry Hostility - Depression - Self consciousness - impulsiveness vulnerability
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Vs Mexaco emotionality
Anxienty - Fearless - Dependence - Sentimentality
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galton (1884) noted?
personality descriptive words in dictionary overlap
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broad personality factors and narrowower personality traits assessed by the NEO peersonality inventory (NEO PI R_
Neuroticism/ agreeableness/ extraversion/conscientiousness/ openess to experience
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Neuroticism
Anxiety/Angry Histility/ Depression/ Self- Consciousness/impulsiveness/vulnerability
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Agreeableness
Trust/Straightfowardness/Altruism/Compliance/Modesty/ Tender -mindedness
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Extraversion
Warmth/Gregariousness/Assertiveness/ Activity / Excitement seeking. positive emotions
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conscientiousness
competence/ order/ dutifulness/ Achievement striving/ self-discipline/ deliberation
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Openes to experience
openness to: Fantasy/aesthetics/ feelings/actions/ ideas/values
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HEXACO Personality inventory revised to....HEXACO PI R
Honesty-Humility/ Agreeableness/ Emotionality/ Conscientiousness/Extraversion/ Openness to Experience
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Honesty - Humility
Sincerity/Fairness/ Greed avoidance/ Modesty
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Agreeableness
Forgiveness/ Gentleness/ Flexibility/ Patience
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Emotionality
Fearfulness/ Anxiety/ Dependence/ Sentimentality
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Consceitness
Organization/ Diligence/ Perfectionism/Prudence
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Extraversion
Social self esteem/ Social boldness/ Sociability/Liveness
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Openness to experience
Aesthetic appreciation / inquisitiveness /creativity/ unconventionality
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Self-oriented perfectionists
Adhere to strict standards while maintaining strong motivation to attain perfection and avoid failure; engage in stringent self-evaluation.
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Other-oriented perfectionists:
set unrealistic standards for significant others (e.g., partners, children, co-workers) coupled with a stringent evaluation of others' performances.
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Socially-prescribed perfectionists:
believe that others hold unrealistic expectations for their behavior- ; experience external pressure to be perfect, believe others evaluate them critically.
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Card 2

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Inter-rater reliability

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The degree of agreement between the scores of different raters/observer

Card 3

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Test-retest reliability

Back

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Card 4

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Validity

Back

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Card 5

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Content validity

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