Classification - Spec

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  • Created by: rachel
  • Created on: 25-03-13 14:33
Define the term classification.
The process of sorting living things into groups bases on similarities & differences.
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Define the term phylogeny.
The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.
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Define the term taxonomy?
The study of the principles of classification.
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Explain the relationship between classification (C) & phylogeny (P)
Closely related species- placed in groups together. By knowing the relationship between species, you can put them in the correct group. C based on observable similarities & differences. P - how closely different species are related on evolution tree
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Describe the classification of species into the taxonomic hierarchy of domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus & species.
Species = basic unit of classification. All members show some variation, but are same. Groups of species with characteristics in common, form a genus. Groups of genuses with characteristics in common = family.
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As you rise through the ranks of taxa, what will you see in terms of diversity, similarities & relation.
The individuals grouped together show more diversity. There are fewer similarities & the individuals are less closely related.
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Outline the characteristic features of Prokeryotae (Monera).
No nucleus, loop of naked DNA, no chromosomes, no membrane bound organelles, smaller ribosomes, carry out respiration in mesosomes, smaller cells, may be free living/parasitic.
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Outline the characteristic features of Protoctista.
Eukaryotes, single celled, show wide variety of forms, show various plant-like or animal-like features, mostly free living, have autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition.
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Outline the characteristic features of Fungi.
Eukaryotes, have mycelium which consists of hyphae, walls of chitin, cytoplasm is multinucleate, mostly free living & saprophytic, excretes enzymes externally, saprophytic, reproduce by spores.
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Outline the characteristic features of Plantae.
Eukaryotes, multicellular, cells surrounded by cellulose wall, has chloroplasts, autotrophic nutrition.
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Outline the characteristic features of Animalia.
Eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophic nutrition, have fertilised eggs that develop into balls of cells called blastula, usually able to move around.
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What are the five kingdoms?
Prokaryotae, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia.
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Outline the binomial system of nomenclature & the use of scientific (latin) names for species.
Binomial system is Latin - avoids confusion caused by using common names, which can be different in different countries. Organism is given 2 names: genus & species name. e.g. Homo sapiens - Homo (genus) sapiens (species). It is italicised in print.
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How would you use a dichotomous key to identify a group of at least 6 plants, animals or microorganisms.
Dichotomous key = way of identifying & naming specimen. Key provides series of questions which have 2 answers, usually 'yes' or 'no'. Answer to each question leads to another question. Eventually, answers will lead to names of species.
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What will a good dichotomous key have?
One less question than the number number of species it can identify.
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Discuss the fact that classification systems were based originally on observable features but more recent approaches draw on a wider range of evidence to clarify relationships between organisms, including molecular evidence.
Originally, C systems based on anatomy, physiology & behaviour. Embryology is also used. Fossil records added to the evidence. Biochemistry can also be used to show the evolutionary relationship between 2 species comparing DNA & cytochrome C.
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Compare & contrast the 5 kingdom & 3 domain classification systems.
Domain system is above level of Kingdom. Domain classification is based on ribosomes, protein class, enzymes, flagella & membrane structure. 3 domains: Aubacteria, Archaebacteria & Eukaryotes.5 Kingdoms: Animal, plant, fungi & protoctist & prokaryote
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Card 2

Front

Define the term phylogeny.

Back

The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Card 3

Front

Define the term taxonomy?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain the relationship between classification (C) & phylogeny (P)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the classification of species into the taxonomic hierarchy of domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus & species.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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