What do members of the same species have in common?
SImilar phenotypes and genotypes, can breed to produce fertile offspring
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What is the binomial system?
Linnaeus system for naming organisms. First name=genus, second= species
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What is artificial classification?
Division according to analogous characteristics (e.g. size, colour, legs) same function but not same evolutionary origin
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What is phylogenetic classification?
Based on evolutionary relationships
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Name the taxonomic ranks
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family,genus, species
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How can genetic diversity be measured?
Comparison of observable characteristics, DNA base sequences, amino acid sequences
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Define genetic diversity
The total number of different alleles in a population
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Describe natural selection
Gene pool within population, random allele mutation, may be advantageous, more likely to survive+breed, pass on genes, offspring have advantageous allele, many gens no of individuals with new allele increase
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What is directional selection
Favour extreme (not average) characteristics, drives a change in the population
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What is stabilising selection?
Favours the average, preserves the characteristics of a population
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Why is courtship behaviour necessary?
Recognise members of own species, identify a mate capable of breeding, form a pair bond, synchronise mating
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Define biodiversity
Refers to the number and variety of organisms in a particular area and has three components; species, genetic and ecosystem diversity
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What is species richness?
A measure of biodiversity. Number of different species in a given area, proportion of the community that is made up of one species
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How do farmers reduce biodiversity?
Select for certain qualities, removal of hedgerows, creating monocultures, filling in ponds, overgrazing land, use of pesticides and inorganic fertilisers, no crop rotation or intercropping
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Name some conservation techniques
maintain existing hedgerows and ponds, plant hedges instead of using fences, reduce use of pesticides, use organic fertilisers, use intercropping rather than herbicides
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Define interspecific variation
Differences between different species
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Define intraspecific variation
Differences between members of the same species
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Why is sampling not always representative of a population?
Sampling bias and chance
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What do members of the same species have in common?
Back
SImilar phenotypes and genotypes, can breed to produce fertile offspring
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