In what year did the battle of Thermopylae occur? (1)
480BC
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What is the meaning of Thermopylae? (1)
Hot gates/Gates of fire
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What is the pass of Thermopylae bordered by? (2)
Mountains on one side, Sea on the other
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How was this location suited for the Spartans to fight the Persians? (2)
The narrow pass reduced the effectiveness of the Persian numbers, Suited the phalanx formation
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Who were the kings in charge of each army? (2)
Persia - Xerxes, Sparta - Leonidas
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How many Greeks went to fight and how many were Spartans? (2)
7000, 300
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Before the battle, what did the Greeks do? (1)
Built a wall in the narrow pass
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Who was Demaratus? (3)
Xerxes' advisor, Had defected from Sparta, Warned Xerxes of Spartans' fearlessness
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How long did the standoff before the battle last? (1)
4 days
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Xerxes' spy told him the Spartans were doing what during this time? (2)
Brushing their hair (Preparing for glorious death)
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What happened on the first day of the battle? (4)
Xerxes lost patience and sent troops in, Persians suffered heavy losses due to inferior skill/equipment, Xerxes' Immortals sent in, Spartans pretended to withdraw then turned to fight
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What happened on the second day of the battle? (4)
Greeks rotated troops to prevent losses, Epihaltes told Xerxes of mountain pass for reward, Elite Persian troops then attacked Greeks from behind, Greeks defending passage withdrew
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What happened on the third day of the battle? (4)
Greeks knew they would be surrounded, Spartans stayed but others dismissed, Fought tooth and nail despite imminent defeat, Leonidas died as prophecy said king would die or Sparta would fall
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What did Xerxes do with the body of Leonidas? (2)
Put his head on a spike out of anger at Greeks/Spartans
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Who was the epitome of Spartan courage? (2)
Dienikes - When told the Persians' arrows blocked the sun, he said 'we'll fight in the shade'
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What were the benefits of Thermopylae for the rest of Greece? (4)
Morale boost, Mobilising time, Evacuation time, Knowledge of Persian tactics
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How was the battle commemorated? (2)
Memorial with name of 300 and fathers, Memorials commemorated sacrifice
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the meaning of Thermopylae? (1)
Back
Hot gates/Gates of fire
Card 3
Front
What is the pass of Thermopylae bordered by? (2)
Back
Card 4
Front
How was this location suited for the Spartans to fight the Persians? (2)
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